Developments of pyridodipyrimidine heterocycles and their biological activities

Abstract

The entitled review aimed to assemble and highlight the synthetic approaches and biological aspects of heterocycles with pyridodipyrimidine motifs. The recent synthetic approaches were categorized according to the accomplishments of the approaches under catalyst or catalyst-free conditions. The topic involved the synthesis of substituted tricyclic systems and spirocyclic systems. The present study offered an overview of the recent literature in addition to a scope of the preceding literature. The proposed mechanisms of the varied target products were discussed. Pyridodipyrimidine displayed potential and privileged cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial performances. The competitions, challenges, and prospects are also deliberated.

Synthetic strategies of heterocycle-integrated pyridopyrimidine scaffolds supported by nano-catalysts

“…Recently, we have reported the chemistry of pyridodipyrimidines, in which several synthetic approaches were achieved under nano-catalytic conditions. 139 In particular, the varied methods for the preparation of pyrido[2,3- d ]pyrimidines involved two-component reactions of aryl aldehydes with 6-amino-5-cyanoacetyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1 H )-one or (2-aminopyridin-3-yl)methanol with aryl methanamines or 3-(aminomethyl)pyridin-2-amine with aryl methanethiols. The three-component synthesis involved the reactions of substituted amino-uracils with aryl aldehydes and activated nitriles, ketones, or cyanoacetyl heterocycles.…”

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-oxo-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1,6-a:2,3-d′]dipyrimidine-6-carbonitrile

“…Derivatives comprising the pyridodipyrimidine skeleton show diverse biological activities, such as antitumour activity, inhibiting dihydrofolate reductases or tyrosine kinases, anti-inflammatory activity, antihypertensive activity, antibacterial activity, anticonvulsant activity, calcium channel antagonist activity, etc. Historical and modern synthetic approaches for the preparation of these systems have been reviewed recently (Atalay et al, 2022;Hammouda et al, 2023).…”

Furo, Pyrano, and Pyrido[2,3‐d]Pyrimidines: A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis and Medicinal Applications

“…The catalyst-free reactions are protocols of reactions that involved simplicity, economic, eco-friendly, ease of product separation, and less sensitivity to air or moisture. [84] The section presents several innovative catalyst-free synthetic techniques for the preparation of pyrido[2,3d]pyrimidine compounds. These methods, reported by various researchers, highlight the growing emphasis on ecofriendly procedures, mild reaction conditions, high yields, and easy work-up.…”

“…The catalyst‐free reactions are protocols of reactions that involved simplicity, economic, eco‐friendly, ease of product separation, and less sensitivity to air or moisture [84] …”