Developments in Viral Vector-Based Vaccines

Abstract

Viral vectors are promising tools for gene therapy and vaccines. Viral vector-based vaccines can enhance immunogenicity without an adjuvant and induce a robust cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to eliminate virus-infected cells. During the last several decades, many types of viruses have been developed as vaccine vectors. Each has unique features and parental virus-related risks. In addition, genetically altered vectors have been developed to improve efficacy and safety, reduce administration dose, and enable large-scale manufacturing. To date, both successful and unsuccessful results have been reported in clinical trials. These trials provide important information on factors such as toxicity, administration dose tolerated, and optimized vaccination strategy. This review highlights major viral vectors that are the best candidates for clinical use.

Construction of recombinant adenovirus Ad-rat PLCg2-shRNA and successful suppression of PLCg2 expression in BRL-3A cells

“…This is dependent on high delivery efficiency, a rapid propagation period, high viral titers, large-fragment cloning capacity, and convenient storage. Adenovirus vectors have been extensively used in gene therapy, vaccine therapy, and in basic biology research (Ura et al, 2014). By combining RNAi technology with a viral gene delivering system, we built viral delivery vectors expressing PLCg2 shRNA.…”

Current and next-generation bluetongue vaccines: Requirements, strategies, and prospects for different field situations

“…An obstacle of vector vaccines is, however, the pre-existing immunity to the vector, in particular when used to successively vaccinate against different diseases, or in case booster vaccination or annual revaccination is required (reviewed in Ura et al, 2014). Priming by DNA vaccination (see above) followed by vaccination with a vector vaccine can partially overcome this disadvantage of vector vaccines.…”

Gene-based vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative diseases: Potential utility and limitations

“…31,32 Viral vector based vaccine delivery methods have an advantage over inactivated peptide/protein preparations or passive antibody administrations since, in principle, a single administration of the viral-vector based immunogen can result in long term expression of the vaccine antigen as opposed to the typical necessity for repeated immunizations with conventional peptide or recombinant protein antigens or passive antibodies. 32,33 However, it has also been suggested that continued long-term expression of antigens by viral vectors might result in adverse effects, including the potential generation of autoimmunity. Irrespective of the generation of side effects, viral vectors typically induce both antibody and T cell immune responses, which are typically useful for controlling a number of infectious agents such as viruses.…”