Developments in the intensification of photo-Fenton and ozonation-based processes for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern in Ibero-American countries

A review on pharmaceuticals removal from waters by single and combined biological, membrane filtration and ultrasound systems

“…Pharmaceuticals are thereby recognized as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) because they are compounds of continuous use; recalcitrant to conventional processes; detected at very low concentrations (ng L −1 - µg L −1 ) in water bodies; their environmental effects are not completely known; and in most cases are unregulated in wastewaters [21] .…”

“…An interesting alternative to overcome some of those drawbacks is the coupling of photochemical AOPs with Ultrasound (US) and US-based AOPs. For instance, the combination of US with the photo-Fenton process can (I) take advantage of the hydrogen peroxide produced from hydroxyl radical recombination during the ultrasonic treatment to promote Fenton-type reactions, (II) increase the degradation kinetics of CEC by each process (hydrophobic and hydrophilic pollutants by US and photo-Fenton, respectively), (III) enhance the homogenization and mass transfer, and (IV) minimize the use of reagents (iron and H 2 O 2 ), limiting the secondary pollution and costs of storing and transportation [21] , [28] .…”

Solar photo-oxidation of recalcitrant industrial wastewater: a review

“…This is not easy to solve, especially in natural waterways or wastewaters with strong buffering . There is an agreement in the literature that the ideal pH range is 2.5-4.0 (Cabrera-Reina et al 2021;Casado et al 2021;Prada-Vásquez et al 2021;Xin et al 2021). The explanation for this is that species with a greater light absorption coefficient and quantum yield for hydroxyl radical production develop at pH levels approaching around 3.0, such as Fe(OH) 2 + (H 2 O) 5 , are produced (Rahim Pouran et al 2014).…”

Comparative Effect of UV, UV/H2O2 and UV/H2O2/Fe on Terbuthylazine Degradation in Natural and Ultrapure Water

“…A further application of UV radiation for 5 min does not increase the degradation rate, indicating that UV radiation alone is not sufficient to further oxidise the compound [ 31 ]. Prada-Vásquez [ 32 ] reported that terbuthylazine removal was significantly accelerated by the presence of solar radiation in the ozonation process.…”