Developmentally regulated postsynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in rat rod bipolar cells

Nomura, Akihiro; Shigemoto, Ryuichi; Nakamura, Yasuhisa; Okamoto, Naoyuki; Mizuno, Noboru; Nakanishi, Shigetada

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90151-1

Cited by 392 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In contrast to the restricted localization of group II and group III mGluRs to either the IPL or the OPL in the rat retina (Nomura et al, 1994;Brandstätter et al, 1996;Koulen et al, 1996), group I mGluRs are present in both synaptic layers. The localization of mGluR1␣ and mGluR5a in the IPL and OPL of the rat retina coincides with the distribution of presumed components of second messenger systems involved in group I mGluR signaling.…”

Section: Mglur1␣ and Mglur5a Are Involved In Synaptic Processing In Bcontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…To date, mGluR6 is the sole mGluR found on the dendrites of ON bipolar cells in the OPL (Nomura et al, 1994). The function of mGluR6, sensitive to L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4), is the transmission of the light signal from the photoreceptor cells to the ON bipolar cells; the photoreceptors are hyperpolarized by light, and this hyperpolarization is converted via the action of mGluR6 to a depolarization of the ON bipolar cells that convey the light ON signal to the ON ganglion cells [Masu et al (1995); for review, see Nakanishi (1995)].…”

Section: Involvement Of Group I Mglurs In Synaptic Processing In the Oplmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors mGluR1α and mGluR5a: Localization in Both Synaptic Layers of the Rat Retina

et al. 1997

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We examined the distribution of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR1␣ and mGluR5a, in the adult rat retina and during postnatal development using receptorspecific antisera. In contrast to the restricted localization of group II and group III mGluRs to either the outer plexiform layer (OPL) or the inner plexiform layer (IPL), group I mGluRs are present in both synaptic layers in the rat retina. Double-labeling experiments and electron microscopy showed that in the OPL the two receptors are localized on the dendritic tips of bipolar cells postsynaptic to photoreceptor terminals. In the IPL the two mGluRs are localized on amacrine cell processes postsynaptic to bipolar cell terminals. These results suggest that group I mGluRs are involved in synaptic processing in both plexiform layers and in both the scotopic and photopic pathways in the rat retina. We propose that mGluR1␣ and mGluR5a play an important modulatory role in the responses of retinal neurons to inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters.

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Section: Mglur1␣ and Mglur5a Are Involved In Synaptic Processing In Bcontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Involvement Of Group I Mglurs In Synaptic Processing In the Oplmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors mGluR1α and mGluR5a: Localization in Both Synaptic Layers of the Rat Retina

et al. 1997

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“…Other interesting differences in expression exist for the mglur6 paralogs: Vertebrate mGluR6 is known to be involved in the ON-bipolar cell signaling being exclusively expressed in ON-bipolar cell dendrites (Hartveit et al, 1995;Masu et al, 1995;Nomura et al, 1994;Ueda et al, 1997;Vardi et al, 2000;Vardi and Morigiwa, 1997). We only found expression of mglur6b in the medial INL, where bipolar cell bodies are located, whereas mglur6a is not expressed in this layer at larval stages.…”

Section: Retinamentioning

confidence: 62%

Phylogeny and expression divergence of metabotropic glutamate receptor genes in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Haug

Gesemann

Mueller

2013

J of Comparative Neurology

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Glutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, modulates synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability via metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). These receptors are essential components for diverse cognitive functions and they represent potential drug targets for the treatment of a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we describe the phylogenetic relation and mRNA distribution of zebrafish mGluRs. In comparison to the eight mglurs present in the mammalian genome, we identified 13 different mglur genes in the zebrafish genome. In situ hybridization experiments in zebrafish revealed widespread expression patterns for the different mglurs in the central nervous system, implicating their significance in diverse neuronal functions. Prominent mglur expression is found in the olfactory bulb, the optic tectum, the hypothalamus, the cerebellum, and the retina. We show that expression pattern of paralogs generated by the teleost specific whole genome duplication is overlapping in some brain regions but complementary in others, suggesting sub-and/or neofunctionalization in the latter. Group I mglurs are similarly expressed in brain areas of both larval and adult zebrafish, suggesting that their functions are comparable during these stages. AbstractGlutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, modulates synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability via metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). These receptors are essential components for diverse cognitive functions and they represent potential drug targets for the treatment of a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders.Here, we describe the phylogenetic relation and mRNA distribution of zebrafish mGluRs. In comparison to the eight mglurs present in the mammalian genome, we identified 13 different mglur genes in the zebrafish genome. In situ hybridization experiments in zebrafish revealed widespread expression patterns for the different mglurs in the central nervous system, implicating their significance in diverse neuronal functions. Prominent mglur expression is found in the olfactory bulb, the optic tectum, the hypothalamus, the cerebellum, and the retina. We show that expression pattern of paralogs generated by the teleost specific whole genome duplication is overlapping in some brain regions but complementary in others, suggesting suband/or neofunctionalization in the latter. Group I mglurs are similarly expressed in brain areas of both larval and adult zebrafish, suggesting that their functions are comparable during these stages.

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“…OFF bipolar cells express ionotropic AMPA/kainate receptors (Gilbertson et al, 1991;DeVries and Schwartz, 1999;DeVries, 2000), and so hyperpolarization of photoreceptors is conserved at this synapse, and the OFF pathway retains the light-induced hyperpolarization characteristic of photoreceptors. ON bipolar cells have instead adapted the use of a novel metabotropic receptor called mGluR6 (Nakajima et al, 1993;Nomura et al, 1994), which is negatively coupled to a cation-selective channel. Here, glutamate acts essentially as an inhibitory transmitter, closing the cation channel 4Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of ON bipolar cell activity

Snellman

Kaur

Shen

et al. 2008

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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Synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to all types of ON bipolar cells is primarily mediated by the mGluR6 receptor. This receptor, which is apparently expressed uniquely in the nervous system by ON bipolar cells, couples negatively to a nonselective cation channel. This arrangement results in a sign reversal at photoreceptor/ON bipolar cell synapse, which is necessary in order to establish parallel ON and OFF pathways in the retina. The synapse is an important target for 2 nd messenger molecules that are known to modulate synaptic transmission elsewhere in the nervous system, 2 nd messengers that act on a time scale ranging from milliseconds to minutes. This review focuses on two of these molecules, Ca 2+ and cGMP, summarizing our current knowledge of how they modulate gain at the photoreceptor/ON bipolar cell synapse, as well as their proposed sites of action within the mGluR6 cascade. The implications of plasticity at this synapse for retinal function will also be examined.

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Developmentally regulated postsynaptic localization of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in rat rod bipolar cells

Cited by 392 publications

References 31 publications

Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors mGluR1α and mGluR5a: Localization in Both Synaptic Layers of the Rat Retina

Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors mGluR1α and mGluR5a: Localization in Both Synaptic Layers of the Rat Retina

Phylogeny and expression divergence of metabotropic glutamate receptor genes in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Regulation of ON bipolar cell activity

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