Developmental toxicity of diesel exhaust: A review of studies in experimental animals

Ema, Makoto; Naya, Masato; Horimoto, Masao; Kato, Haruhisa

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.06.074

Cited by 75 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…this limit for GDI cars was temporarily extended to 6×10 12 particles/km (regulation no. 459/2012/EU), and with a gasoline particle filter (GPF), it has been shown that the NPs can be eliminated [9].…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects in Lung Cells In Vitro of Exhaust Aerosols from a Gasoline Passenger Car With and Without Particle Filter

Bisig

Steiner

Comte

et al. 2015

Emiss. Control Sci. Technol.

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Exhaust aerosol from gasoline passenger cars is a complex mixture of a particulate fraction as well as volatile compounds. In contrary to the observed adverse effects of diesel exhaust particles the gasoline exhaust has, however, received little attention so far. The aim of this study was to perform a comparison of exhaust composition and biological responses from freshly produced non-filtered exhaust as well as from exhaust filtered with a noncoated gasoline particle filter (GPF). A 3D model of the human epithelial airway barrier was exposed to the exhaust directly at the air-liquid interface and different effects such as cytotoxicity, antioxidative response, pro-inflammation, and activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) were studied. In addition, genotoxicity was assessed using the Ames test. By an online analysis of the exhaust, it has been shown that the GPF efficiently filters the particle count in both the cold and warm phase when the new European driving cycle (NEDC) was applied. The lung cell tests revealed that the use of the GPF increased the antioxidative glutathionine (GSH) response as well as the proinflammatory potential, i.e., IL-8, expression, indicating increased cell stimulation by the volatile compounds alone. The removal of the particulate fraction, however, decreased significantly the AhR activation in comparison to unfiltered exhaust, and the exhaust genotoxicity was reduced as tested by the Ames test. In conclusion, GPF exhaust did not completely reduce the adverse effects of gasoline exhaust in the in vitro test and further experiments with a coated GPF are needed in the future.

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Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects in Lung Cells In Vitro of Exhaust Aerosols from a Gasoline Passenger Car With and Without Particle Filter

Bisig

Steiner

Comte

et al. 2015

Emiss. Control Sci. Technol.

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“…Les effets de l'inhalation sont importants et semblent parfois plus marqués que pour les autres voies. Une partie des résultats présentés ici a fait l'objet de revues récentes (Ema et al 2013 ;Hougaard et al 2015).…”

Section: Administration N'utilisant Pas La Voie Pulmonaire : Gavage Ounclassified

Exposition aux gaz d’échappement diesel durant la gestation : quelles conséquences sur le développement foeto-placentaire ? Apport des modèles animaux

Valentino¹,

Tarrade²,

Chavatte‐Palmer³

2016

bavf

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La pollution atmosphérique est un problème majeur pour la santé humaine, causant 3,7 millions de décès prématurés en 2012 dans le monde. Les personnes âgées, les enfants ou les asthmatiques sont les cibles des messages de prévention lors de pics de pollution alors que les femmes enceintes sont le plus souvent négligées. Pourtant, les études épidémiologiques et les travaux sur les modèles animaux indiquent que la pollution atmosphérique et ses composants peuvent perturber la fonction placentaire, réduire la croissance foetale et induire un stress oxydant et une inflammation. A long terme, ces effets peuvent participer à l'augmentation des risques de maladies métaboliques chez l'adulte. Il est donc important d'inclure les femmes enceintes dans les messages de prévention lors de pics de pollution atmosphérique et de continuer la recherche sur les effets à long terme grâce au recours aux modèles animaux.

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“…However, there have been no reports on immune effects from PP itself so far. Many studies have also implicated DEP in the disruption of the endocrine, reproductive and immune systems (Singh et al 2005;Hemmingsen et al 2009;Ema et al 2013;Müller et al 2013). In vitro DEP exposure causes T-regulatory cell dysfunction and this impairment is believed to lead to uncontrolled inflammation in exposed hosts (Chiang et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitroeffect of 4-pentylphenol and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol on murine splenic lymphocyte populations and cytokine/granzyme production

Yang

Wan

et al. 2016

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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View Crossmark data Citing articles: 3 View citing articles JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY, 2016 VOL. 13, NO. 4, 548-556 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/1547691X.2016 RESEARCH ARTICLEIn vitro effect of 4-pentylphenol and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol on murine splenic lymphocyte populations and cytokine/granzyme production Gasoline exhaust particles (GEP) and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are considered to be some of the most important air pollutants. Among the many constituents in these pollutant particles, 4-pentylphenol (PP) and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (PNMC) are considered important phenolics in GEP and DEP, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in vitro exposure to commercially-supplied PP and PNMC on populations of, and production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and granzyme-B by, mouse splenic lymphocytes. After in vitro exposure to PP or PNMC for 48 h, splenocyte viability was measured, cell phenotypes, e.g. B-cell (CD19), T-cells (CD3), T-cell subsets (CD4 and CD8), were quantified by flow cytometry and production of IL-2, IL-4 and granzyme-B was assessed via ELISA. The oxidative toxicity of PP and PNMC toward the splenocytes was also evaluated using measures of hydroxyl radical and malondiadehyde production and changes in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Results showed that in vitro exposure to PP and PNMC inhibited splenic cell parameters in a dose-related manner. Exposure to PP and PNMC decreased splenic T-lymphocyte populations and splenocyte production of cytokines and granzyme B, as well as induced oxidative stress in the splenocytes. The results also showed that the percentages of CD3 + T-cells overall and of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells therein, among exposed splenocytes, were reduced; neither compound appeared to affect levels of CD19 + B-cells. Overall, the suppressive effects of PP were stronger than PNMC. The data here provide support for the proposal that PP-/PNMC-induced toxicity in splenocytes may be due at least in part to oxidative damage and that PP and PNMC -as components of GEP and DEP -might significantly impact on splenic T-cell formation/release of cytokines/granzymes in situ.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Developmental toxicity of diesel exhaust: A review of studies in experimental animals

Cited by 75 publications

References 72 publications

Biological Effects in Lung Cells In Vitro of Exhaust Aerosols from a Gasoline Passenger Car With and Without Particle Filter

Biological Effects in Lung Cells In Vitro of Exhaust Aerosols from a Gasoline Passenger Car With and Without Particle Filter

Exposition aux gaz d’échappement diesel durant la gestation : quelles conséquences sur le développement foeto-placentaire ? Apport des modèles animaux

In vitroeffect of 4-pentylphenol and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol on murine splenic lymphocyte populations and cytokine/granzyme production

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