Developmental science and the media: Early brain development.

Thompson, Ross A.; Nelson, Charles A.

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.56.1.5

Cited by 437 publications

(330 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Similar results were reported in the Malawi (11) and Ghana (10) trials, which used the same executive function task (i.e., A-not-B task), although at a younger age (18 mo). The prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as executive function, is one of the last brain regions to mature, with significant development still occurring throughout childhood and adolescence (33,34). It is possible that any benefits of nutritional supplementation will manifest at a later age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home fortification during the first 1000 d improves child development in Bangladesh: a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial

Matias

Mridha

Tofail³

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Nutrition during the first 1000 d is critical for brain development. Objective: We evaluated the effects on child development of home fortification with lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) for mothers and/or children or micronutrient powder (MNP) for children. Design: We conducted a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial with 4 arms: 1) LNSs during pregnancy and the first 6 mo postpartum and LNSs for the offspring from 6 to 24 mo (LNS-LNS), 2) iron and folic acid (IFA) during pregnancy and the first 3 mo postpartum and LNSs for the children from 6 to 24 mo (IFA-LNS), 3) IFA (as above) and MNP for the offspring from 6 to 24 mo (IFA-MNP), and 4) IFA (as above) and no child supplement (IFA-Control). Women were enrolled at #20 wk of gestation; children were assessed at 12 (n = 3331), 18 (n = 3364), and 24 (n = 3379) mo. Results: Compared with the IFA-Control group, motor development scores were higher in the LNS-LNS (P = 0.016) and IFA-LNS groups (P = 0.006) at 18 mo and in the IFA-MNP group (P = 0.048) at 24 mo. Receptive language scores were higher for the LNS-LNS group (P = 0.028) at 18 mo and for all 3 groups at 24 mo (P = 0.008 for LNS-LNS, P = 0.022 for IFA-LNS, and P = 0.009 for IFA-MNP compared with IFA-Control). Expressive language scores did not differ at 18 mo (P = 0.236) but were higher in the LNS-LNS (P = 0.035) and IFA-MNP (P = 0.002) groups than in the IFA-Control group at 24 mo. Groups did not differ in personal-social scores at 18 (P = 0.233) or 24 (P = 0.146) mo or in executive function score at 24 mo (P = 0.467). Conclusion: Prenatal LNSs, postnatal LNSs, or both, or postnatal MNP had a positive effect on motor and language development in Bangladeshi children. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01715038.Am J Clin Nutr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home fortification during the first 1000 d improves child development in Bangladesh: a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial

Matias

Mridha

Tofail³

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…The evidence is quite clear that nutrients are vital to mental system development, especially during the late fetal and early neonatal life period. During this period, regions such as the hippocampus, the visual and auditory cortices, and the striatum undergo rapid development characterized by the morphogenesis and synaptogenesis that make them functional [54,83]. For any given region, early malnutrition have a greater effect on cell proliferation, thereby affecting cell number [81,91].…”

Section: Nutrition and Mental System Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Early Malnutrition on Mental System, Metabolic Syndrome, Immunity and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Sun

Liu

et al. 2009

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. The notion of how malnutrition early in life affects ontogenesis has evolved considerably since the mid-1960s. Since then, there have been many studies on the effects of early malnutrition. Nutritional and metabolic exposure during critical periods in early human and animal development may have long-term programming effects in adulthood. This is supported by evidence from epidemiological studies, numerous animal models and clinical intervention trials. In this paper, we review the effects of early malnutrition on cognitive function, metabolic syndrome, immunity and the gastrointestinal tract, as well as possible underlying mechanisms, and consider diarrhoeal disease and poor cognitive function as examples for understanding the interrelation of the harmful effects caused by early malnutrition. Previous studies on early malnutrition have mainly concentrated on humans and rats. Therefore, the main aim of the present review was to give animal scientists a clear understanding of the harmful effects of early malnutrition on animal growth and animal production, and to help identify appropriate feeding techniques to prevent early malnutrition.KEY WORDS: early malnutrition, gastrointestinal development, immunity, metabolic syndrome.

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“…During the growth spurt in pregnancy (about 24-42 gestational weeks), the developing brain, owing to the sequence of developmental stages, including neuronal proliferation and myelination, is particularly vulnerable to adequate nutrition (20) . Throughout the late fetal and early postnatal periods areas such as the hippocampus, auditory and visual cortices and the striatum undergo rapid growth by morphogenesis and synaptogenesis which makes them functionally active (21) . All nutrients are important for brain development, but it is proposed that certain nutrients, including folate, have greater effects during the late fetal development.…”

Section: Metabolism B-vitamins and Early Brain Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging roles for folate and related B-vitamins in brain health across the lifecycle

et al. 2014

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Nutrition plays a fundamental role in supporting the structural and functional development of the human brain from conception, throughout early infancy and extending into later life. A growing body of evidence suggests that folate and the metabolically related B-vitamins are essential for brain health across all age groups, owing to their specific roles in C 1 metabolism and particularly in the production of S-adenosylmethionine, a universal methyl donor essential for the production of neurotransmitters. Emerging, though not entirely consistent, evidence suggests that maternal folate status throughout pregnancy may influence neurodevelopment and behaviour of the offspring. Furthermore optimal B-vitamin status is associated with better cognitive health in ageing. Of note, a recent clinical trial provided evidence that supplementation with folic acid and related B-vitamins over a 2-year-period reduced global and regional brain atrophy, as measured by MRI scan in older adults. In terms of potential mechanisms, the effects of these B-vitamins on cognitive health may be independent or may be mediated by nutrient-nutrient and/or relevant gene-nutrient interactions. Furthermore, a new area of research suggests that the in utero environment influences health in later life. Folate, an important cofactor in C 1 metabolism, is indirectly involved in DNA methylation, which in turn is considered to be one of the epigenetic mechanisms that may underlie fetal programming and brain development. The present review will explore the evidence that supports a role for folate and the related B-vitamins in brain health across the lifecycle, and potential mechanisms to explain such effects.

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Developmental science and the media: Early brain development.

Cited by 437 publications

References 19 publications

Home fortification during the first 1000 d improves child development in Bangladesh: a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial

Home fortification during the first 1000 d improves child development in Bangladesh: a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial

Effects of Early Malnutrition on Mental System, Metabolic Syndrome, Immunity and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Emerging roles for folate and related B-vitamins in brain health across the lifecycle

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