Developmental prosopagnosia: A study of three patients

Barton, Jason J.S.; Cherkasova, Mariya V.; Press, Daniel Z.; Intriligator, James; O’Connor, Margaret

doi:10.1016/s0278-2626(02)00516-x

Cited by 78 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These studies have indicated that there is variability in performance across tasks and across individuals with DP. Of course, all DP cases have trouble with facial identity, but tests with familiar faces (celebrities and acquaintances) have shown that some individuals with DP can recognize faces after a large number of exposures Nunn et al, 2001) whereas others have trouble even with commonly seen faces (Barton, Cherkasova, Press, Intriligator, & O'Connor, 2003;Duchaine, 2000;Duchaine & Nieminen-von Wendt et al, 2003). The use of standardized clinical tests of face recognition, such as the Warrington Recognition Memory for Faces (RMF; Warrington, 1984) and the Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT; Benton, Sivan, Hamsher, Varney, & Spreen, 1983), have also revealed inconsistent Wndings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is true for recognition of facial expressions of emotion (Ariel & Sadeh, 1996;de Haan & Campbell, 1991;Jones & Tranel, 2001;McConachie, 1976;Nunn et al, 2001), and gender discrimination (Ariel & Sadeh, 1996;de Haan & Campbell, 1991;Jones & Tranel, 2001;Nunn et al, 2001). In most cases non-face object processing is intact, and when deWcits in object recognition are present they are much less pronounced than face processing impairments (Ariel & Sadeh, 1996;Barton et al, 2003;Bentin et al, 1999;de Haan & Campbell, 1991;Duchaine & Nakayama, 2005;Nunn et al, 2001). In addition, a number of DP cases have severe impairments with navigation , suVer from auditory processing deWcits (Duchaine, 2000;McConachie, 1976;Temple, 1992), and show interference between local elements and global shape under conditions in which global shape is dominant in normal controls, as if local details dominate their processing of objects .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What aspects of face processing are impaired in developmental prosopagnosia?

Grand

Cooper

Mondloch

et al. 2006

Brain and Cognition

191

205

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What aspects of face processing are impaired in developmental prosopagnosia?Le Grand, R.; Cooper, P.A.; Mondloch, C.J.; Lewis, T.L.; Sagiv, M.; de Gelder, Bea; Maurer, D. Published in: Brain and Cognition Document version:Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2006Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Le Grand, R., Cooper, P. A., Mondloch, C. J., Lewis, T. L., Sagiv, M., de Gelder, B., & Maurer, D. (2006). What aspects of face processing are impaired in developmental prosopagnosia? Brain and Cognition, 61(2), 139-158. General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.-Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research -You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain -You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. AbstractDevelopmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a severe impairment in identifying faces that is present from early in life and that occurs despite no apparent brain damage and intact visual and intellectual function. Here, we investigated what aspects of face processing are impaired/ spared in developmental prosopagnosia by examining a relatively large group of individuals with DP (n D 8) using an extensive battery of well-established tasks. The tasks included measures of sensitivity to global motion and to global form, detection that a stimulus is a face, determination of its sex, holistic face processing, processing of face identity based on features, contour, and the spacing of features, and judgments of attractiveness. The DP cases showed normal sensitivity to global motion and global form and performed normally on our tests of face detection and holistic processing. On the other tasks, many DP cases were impaired but there was no systematic pattern. At least half showed deWcits in processing of facial identity based on either the outer contour or spacing of the internal features, and/or on judgments of attractiveness. Three of the eight were impaired in processing facial identify based on the shape of internal features. The results show that DP is a heterogeneous condition and that impairment in recognizing faces cannot be predicted by poor performance on any one measure of face processing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What aspects of face processing are impaired in developmental prosopagnosia?

Grand

Cooper

Mondloch

et al. 2006

Brain and Cognition

191

205

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Few of these individuals were aware of any incidents that could have caused their impairment, so it appears that, contrary to the proportions in the literature, most cases of prosopagnosia are not the result of brain damage sustained during adult years but rather result from an anomalous developmental course. DP has been used to refer to individuals whose prosopagnosia is due to a genetic condition (Duchaine, Nieminen-von Wendt, et al, 2003;Bentin et al, 1999;de Haan, 1999), brain damage (both prenatal and during childhood) (Barton et al, 2003;Michelon & Biederman, 2003;Farah et al, 2000), and unknown causes. Living with DP can be very difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many compensate by relying on information other than facial structure, and the most commonly reported alternative routes to identification include hair, clothing, voice, and gait (Barton et al, 2003;Duchaine, Nieminenvon Wendt, et al, 2003;Nunn et al, 2001;Duchaine, 2000). When these means fail, DPs often use conversational topics to determine identity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociations of Face and Object Recognition in Developmental Prosopagnosia

Duchaine

Nakayama

2005

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

230

196

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Neuropsychological studies with patients suffering from prosopagnosia have provided the main evidence for the hypothesis that the recognition of faces and objects rely on distinct mechanisms. Yet doubts remain, and it has been argued that no case demonstrating an unequivocal dissociation between face and object recognition exists due in part to the lack of appropriate response time measurements (Gauthier et al., 1999). We tested seven developmental prosopagnosics to measure their accuracy and reaction times with multiple tests of face recognition and compared this with a larger battery of object recognition tests. For our systematic comparison, we used an old/new recognition memory paradigm involving memory tests for cars, tools, guns, horses, natural scenes, and houses in addition to two separate tests for faces. Developmental prosopagnosic subjects performed very poorly with the face memory tests as expected. Four of the seven prosopagnosics showed a very strong dissociation between the face and object tests. Systematic comparison of reaction time measurements for all tests indicates that the dissociations cannot be accounted for by differences in reaction times. Contrary to an account based on speed accuracy tradeoffs, prosopagnosics were systematically faster in nonface tests than in face tests. Thus, our findings demonstrate that face and nonface recognition can dissociate over a wide range of testing conditions. This is further support for the hypothesis that face and nonface recognition relies on separate mechanisms and that developmental prosopagnosia constitutes a disorder separate from developmental agnosia.

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“…Individuals with developmental prosopagnosia have had their impairment since early childhood. There are a variety of causes of developmental prosopagnosia, including genetic conditions, 6,7 early brain damage, 8 or in utero events. The condition sometimes causes prosopagnosics great social difficulty, but some are able to manage fairly well by using alternative routes for person recognition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Developmental prosopagnosia and the Benton Facial Recognition Test

2004

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Abstract-The Benton Facial Recognition Test is used for clinical and research purposes, but evidence suggests that it is possible to pass the test with impaired face discrimination abilities. The authors tested 11 patients with developmental prosopagnosia using this test, and a majority scored in the normal range. Consequently, scores in the normal range should be interpreted cautiously, and testing should always be supplemented by other face tests. NEUROLOGY 2004;62:1219 -1220 The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) is a commercially available test used by neurologists and neuropsychologists to assess face recognition abilities.1 Because the test is easy to administer and has extensive normative data, it is commonly used for clinical and research purposes.1 However, multiple lines of evidence suggest that individuals with impaired face recognition can score in the normal range on the test. To investigate this possibility, we have tested a relatively large sample of patients with developmental prosopagnosia using the BFRT.The BFRT has a short form with 27 possible points and a long form with 54 possible points. On each item, subjects are presented with a target face above six test faces, and they are asked to indicate which of the six images match the target face. Male and female faces are used, and the faces are closely cropped so that no clothing and little hair are visible. The faces are centered within a black background, and the entire image is~6.5 cm ϫ 6.5 cm. For the first six items, only one of the six test faces displays the target individual, and the target image and the test image are identical. In the next seven items, three of the test faces match the target face, and the poses for the test images are different from the target image. When the long form is administered, subjects are presented with nine more items. There are three matches per item and test faces are presented with different lighting conditions. There is a table for converting short form scores to long form scores, and scores of Ն41 are classified as normal. No time limits are placed on individual items or the test as a whole.Studies of patients with prosopagnosia and normal subjects suggest that normal scores on the BFRT do not require normal face recognition abilities. Two patients with prosopagnosia were reported who scored in the normal range on the BFRT, 2,3 and these subjects reported that their performance relied heavily on feature matching rather than the holistic processing used by individuals with normal face recognition. 4 Both subjects required more time than most subjects.2,3 In another study, normal subjects scored in the normal range despite the occlusion of most of the facial information. 5 The subjects were presented a modified version of the BFRT in which only the eyebrows and hairlines were visible. Despite the limited information available, 59% of the subjects achieved normal scores on the short form, whereas 41% scored in the normal range on the long form.

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Developmental prosopagnosia: A study of three patients

Cited by 78 publications

References 54 publications

What aspects of face processing are impaired in developmental prosopagnosia?

What aspects of face processing are impaired in developmental prosopagnosia?

Dissociations of Face and Object Recognition in Developmental Prosopagnosia

Developmental prosopagnosia and the Benton Facial Recognition Test

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