Developmental Morphology and Life Cycles of the Microsporidia

Cali, Ann; Takvorian, Peter M.

doi:10.1002/9781118395264.ch2

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Following this, a Golgi-like structure with cisternae, small vesicles, and sacs appears. Vacuole-like structures transform into tubules forming hollow rings that pinch off, eventually forming the polar tube (8). As far as is known, the polar tube coils surround the sporoplasm in an orderly manner after it has been completely formed in mature spores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spore includes a specific invasion apparatus, called the polar tube, connected to the anterior end and spore wall of the spore (11). The polar tube is divided into two regions: the straight portion attached inside the anterior end of the spore by a mushroom-shaped AD and the posterior coiled region that forms coils around the sporoplasm in the spore (8,11). The spore germination process is usually believed to occur in four stages: spore activation upon appropriate environmental stimulation, increase of intrasporal osmotic pressure, eversion of the polar tube, and passage of the sporoplasm through the polar tube.…”

Section: Swp9 Tethers the Polar Tube To The Spore Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general life cycle in the development of microsporidian parasites comprises three phases: an infective or environmental phase and a proliferative phase, identified by some as merogony, followed by a sporogonic differentiation or spore-forming phase leading to the release of mature resistant spores by host cell disruption (7,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interaction between SWP9 and Polar Tube Proteins of the Microsporidian Nosema bombycis and Function of SWP9 as a Scaffolding Protein Contribute to Polar Tube Tethering to the Spore Wall

Yang

Pan²,

Peng

et al. 2017

Infect Immun

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All microsporidia possess a unique, highly specialized invasion mechanism that involves the polar tube and spore wall. The interaction between spore wall proteins (SWPs) and polar tube proteins (PTPs) in the formation, arrangement, orderly orientation, and function of the polar tube and spore wall remains to be determined. This study was undertaken to examine the protein interactions of Nosema bombycis SWP7 (NbSWP7), NbSWP9, and PTPs. Coimmunoprecipitation, liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and yeast two-hybrid data demonstrated that NbSWP9, but not NbSWP7, interacts with NbPTP1 and NbPTP2. Furthermore, immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) showed that NbSWP9 was localized mainly in the developing polar tube of sporoblasts, while NbSWP7 was found randomly in the cytoplasm. However, both NbSWP9 and NbSWP7 were located in the polar tube and spore wall of N. bombycis mature spores. The reason why NbSWP7 was localized to the polar tube may be due to the interaction between NbSWP9 and NbSWP7. Interestingly, the majority of NbSWP9, but not NbSWP7, accumulated in the beginning part of the extruded polar tube and the ruptured spore wall called the anchoring disk (AD) when the mature spores germinated under weak-alkaline environmental stimulation. Additionally, anti-NbSWP9 antibody reduced spore germination in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our study further confirmed that NbSWP9 is a scaffolding protein that not only anchors and holds the polar tube but also tethers the polar tube to the spore wall.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Swp9 Tethers the Polar Tube To The Spore Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction between SWP9 and Polar Tube Proteins of the Microsporidian Nosema bombycis and Function of SWP9 as a Scaffolding Protein Contribute to Polar Tube Tethering to the Spore Wall

Yang

Pan²,

Peng

et al. 2017

Infect Immun

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“…Microsporidia can be shed from hosts in urine and feces (Cali and Takvorian, 1999) John et al, 2005; Gaafar, 2007 concerning effects of disinfectants on waterborne Microsporidia spores. The most common measure for describing a disinfectant´s efficacy for selected organism is C * t, i. e. concentration of disinfectant (mg/l) x disinfectant contact time (min.)…”

Section: Disinfection Of Microsporidia In the Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylum Microsporidia: Dangerous Waterborne Pathogens, A Review

Kalinová¹,

Bálent²

2015

IJSRES

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Phylum Microsporidia comprises from various species, number of which are pathogenic and capable of infecting humans by the means of water. Important human pathogens Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis were detected in both, ground and surface waters. Other Microsporidia species such as Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon hellem but also Pleistophora spp. and Vittaforma corneae were also detected in water. Even though disinfection and filtration of drinking water is usually effective against these pathogens, malfunctions in water treatment system can lead to epidemics, such as one that occurred in 1995 in Lyon where 200 people got infected. Therefore pathogens from genus Microsporidia should be routinely monitored in drinking water, but also in water sources and recreational areas.

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“…Microsporidia have been known to science for about 150years, and 1300 to 1500 species in 187 genera have been described. These unique organisms are strictly intracellular parasites with relatively uniformlife cycle (Cali and Takvorian, 1999).…”

Section: Microsporidiamentioning

confidence: 99%