Developmental Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Its Impact on Cardio-Metabolic-Renal Health

Abstract

Developmental origin of health and disease postulates that the footprints of early life exposure are followed as an endowment of risk for adult diseases. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest that an adverse fetal environment can affect the health of offspring throughout their lifetime. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during fetal development can affect the hormone system homeostasis, resulting in a broad spectrum of adverse health outcomes. In the present review, we have described the effect of prenatal EDCs exposure on cardio-metabolic-renal health, using the available epidemiological and experimental evidence. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of their action, which include epigenetic changes, hormonal imprinting, loss of energy homeostasis, and metabolic perturbations. The effect of prenatal EDCs exposure on cardio-metabolic-renal health, which is a complex condition of an altered biological landscape, can be further examined in the case of other environmental stressors with a similar mode of action.

Current knowledge on the effects of environmental contaminants in early life nutrition

“…Phthalate metabolites and BPA mimic endocrine nuclear receptors, modulate genes through epigenetic changes such as changes on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and effects on non-coding RNAs including micro RNA (miRNAs) expression and have been detected in breast milk in many studies (4,15,21,25), and in infant formulas (16). Maternal exposure to parabens has been associated with abnormal inflammatory cytokine levels in the blood in infants (24). Exposure to parabens leads to altered microbial composition, perturbed steroidogenesis, and induces oxidative stress and inflammation (19,28).…”

“…Man-made synthetic chemicals are commonly used in agricultural practices (pesticides, insecticides, and fungicides), packaging (food-storage materials and plastics), industry (solvents, flame retardants, preservatives, emulsifiers, and fracking chemicals), consumer products (household chemicals, cosmetics, flame retardants, building materials, children’s toys, electronics, and cookware), and medical care (birth control pills, biocides, intravenous bags and tubing, disposable gloves, and disinfectants) ( 9 , 22 ). Some EDCs are xenoestrogens, others activate or antagonize hormonal receptors by direct binding or altering hormone receptor expression or signal transduction in hormone-sensitive cells, and most induce epigenetic changes ( 9 , 10 , 21 , 23 , 24 ). At the cellular level EDCs inhibit lysosome and mitochondria functions, causing DNA damage and UVB-induced damage through the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide ( 25 ).…”

“…Maternal exposure to parabens has been associated with abnormal inflammatory cytokine levels in the blood in infants ( 24 ). Exposure to parabens leads to altered microbial composition, perturbed steroidogenesis, and induces oxidative stress and inflammation ( 19 , 28 ).…”

Untitled

“…Воздействие некоторых химических веществ на мужчин приводит к бесплодию, изменению уровня гормонов и риску онкопатологий у потомства (Rodprasert et al, 2021;Singh et al, 2021). Была обнаружена значимая связь между воздействием ионизирующего излучения на отцов до зачатия и неходжкинской лимфомой у их детей (Adab et al, 2004;Barrett, Richens, 2003).…”

The Relationship between Typical Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Kidney Disease

“…The cascade of events can also result in endocrine and metabolic imbalances in offspring as well [ 1 , 2 ]. EDCs are present in wastewater, textiles, cosmetics, waste residues produced by industrial and agricultural processes and in several domestic and household goods [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], and ultimately end up in landfills. Common contaminants include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins, bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalates, as well as heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Hg [ 6 ].…”