Developmental dyslexia: a multilevel syndrome

Enhancement of brain event-related potentials to speech sounds is associated with compensated reading skills in dyslexic children with familial risk for dyslexia

“…Ectopias are dislocated nests of neurons from the ventricles to the first cortical layer . Microgyria are minor gyri in the cortex affecting language areas (Galaburda, 1999). In dyslexic brains, ectopias and migrogyria are seen mostly in the left perisylvian regions (Galaburda, 1999;.…”

“…Microgyria are minor gyri in the cortex affecting language areas (Galaburda, 1999). In dyslexic brains, ectopias and migrogyria are seen mostly in the left perisylvian regions (Galaburda, 1999;. Both ectopias and microgyria most probably develop due to disrupted neuronal migration during the fetal period.…”

Visual control in children with developmental dyslexia

“…Its origin is genetic, with anatomical studies demonstrating intrauterine neurological alterations (1) . The most frequent signs include deficits in language acquisition, slow reading, difficulty in expressive language and in the ability to apprehend grapheme/ phoneme correspondence, difficulty in understanding and memorizing reading content, inversions, omissions or substitution of letters and/or syllables in words while reading and writing (2)(3) .…”

Neurobiology of dyslexia: a reinterpretation of the data

“…At the cognitive level, this would translate into the auditory deficit causing a phonological deficit, and into the basic visual deficit causing visual-spatial attentional problems, as prescribed by the magnocellular theory. However, this scenario might well be incorrect [21]. Indeed, Galaburda and colleagues have found that, at least in animal models, the causal direction seems to be the opposite (top-down) -that is, the cortical anomalies engender the thalamic anomalies.…”