Developmental differences in memory reactivation relate to encoding and inference in the human brain

Guarino, Katharine F.; Roome, Hannah E.; Preston, Alison R.

doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01206-5

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…For example, there is a shift from model-free mechanisms to modelbased and counterfactual learning strategies [45,79] across adolescence. Importantly, global reward learning differs from model-based learning mechanisms [80,81] in that no knowledge about state relationships is needed and its anatomical substrates appear distinctly tied to anterior insula [7,82]. However, in a similar manner to the shift towards model-based strategies [80], the benefits of negative GRS effects, just as the ones of increased local reward learning in our older participants, might turn out to be adaptive only in environments where exploration is relatively discouraged.…”

Section: Plos Biology Range (Figs a And B In S1 Textmentioning

confidence: 73%

Local and global reward learning in the lateral frontal cortex show differential development during human adolescence

et al. 2023

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Reward-guided choice is fundamental for adaptive behaviour and depends on several component processes supported by prefrontal cortex. Here, across three studies, we show that two such component processes, linking reward to specific choices and estimating the global reward state, develop during human adolescence and are linked to the lateral portions of the prefrontal cortex. These processes reflect the assignment of rewards contingently to local choices, or noncontingently, to choices that make up the global reward history. Using matched experimental tasks and analysis platforms, we show the influence of both mechanisms increase during adolescence (study 1) and that lesions to lateral frontal cortex (that included and/or disconnected both orbitofrontal and insula cortex) in human adult patients (study 2) and macaque monkeys (study 3) impair both local and global reward learning. Developmental effects were distinguishable from the influence of a decision bias on choice behaviour, known to depend on medial prefrontal cortex. Differences in local and global assignments of reward to choices across adolescence, in the context of delayed grey matter maturation of the lateral orbitofrontal and anterior insula cortex, may underlie changes in adaptive behaviour.

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Section: Plos Biology Range (Figs a And B In S1 Textmentioning

confidence: 73%

Local and global reward learning in the lateral frontal cortex show differential development during human adolescence

et al. 2023

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“…Geng et al (2018) recently made a similar prediction after observing that ERPs recorded at encoding varied as a function of subsequent memory in older, but not younger, children. Likewise, classification techniques, such as multivariate pattern analysis (for review see Norman et al, 2006), could be applied to fMRI and ERP data to reveal additional insight into encoding variability in children and adults (e.g., for a related approach to the study of encoding and memory inference in children, adolescents, and young adults see Schlichting et al, 2022). In summary, we hope that our combined empirical and modeling approach here will help motivate a series of studies employing behavioral, computational modeling, eye tracking, and neuroimaging paradigms to further our understanding of the contributions of encoding-related processes to memory performance and memory distortions across the lifespan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged development of forced-choice recognition when targets are paired with non-corresponding lures

Rollins¹,

Huffman²,

Walters³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Previous research suggests that mnemonic discrimination (i.e., the ability to discriminate between previously encountered and novel stimuli even when they are highly similar) improves substantially during childhood. To further understand the development of mnemonic discrimination during childhood, the present study had 4-year-old children, 6-year-old children, and young adults complete the forced-choice Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). The forced-choice MST offers a significant advantage in the context of developmental research because it is not sensitive to age-related differences in response criteria and includes three test formats that are theorized to be supported by different cognitive processes. A target (i.e., a previously encountered item) is either paired with a novel item (A-X), a corresponding lure (A-A′; i.e., an item mnemonically similar to the target), or a non-corresponding lure ( A-B′; i.e., items mnemonically similar to a different previously encoded item). We observed that 4-year-old children performed more poorly than 6-year-old children on the A-X and A-A′ test formats whereas both 4- and 6-year-old children performed more poorly than young adults on the A-B′ test format. The MINERVA 2.2 computational model effectively accounted for these age-related differences. The model suggested that 4-year-old children have a lower learning rate (i.e,. probability of encoding stimulus features) than 6-year-old children and young adults and that both 4- and 6-year-old children have greater encoding variability than young adults. These findings provide new insight into possible mechanisms underlying memory development during childhood and suggest that different processes contribute to developmental improvements during childhood and declines during aging.

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“…Across four experiments, we observed that abilities to form links based on direct co‐occurrence emerged early and became more robust by adulthood (see Shufaniya & Arnon, 2018 ; Wojcik & Saffran, 2015 for converging evidence in language and other domains). In contrast, the formation of links based on shared co‐occurrence was weak in children, and robust only in adults (see Miller‐Goldwater et al, 2021 ; Schlichting et al, 2021 for converging evidence in other domains). Moreover, the formation of links based on shared co‐occurrence was predicted by both the strength of direct co‐occurrence‐based links, and by an independent contribution of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like the Experience account, this possibility would explain the development of associative before taxonomic links because links based on direct co-occurrence are a necessary precursor for forming links based on shared co-occurrence. Alternatively, the formation of links based on direct co-occurrence may be necessary but insufficient for the formation of links based on shared co-occurrence: Instead, abilities to form links based on shared co-occurrence may themselves develop (Bauer & San Souci, 2010;Miller-Goldwater et al, 2021;Schlichting et al, 2017Schlichting et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Experience-plus-maturation Accountmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience and maturation: The contribution of co‐occurrence regularities in language to the development of semantic organization

2022

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With development knowledge becomes organized according to semantic links, including early-developing associative (e.g., juicy-apple) and gradually-developing taxonomic links (e.g., apple-pear). Word co-occurrence regularities may foster these links: Associative links may form from direct co-occurrence (e.g., juicy-apple), and taxonomic links from shared co-occurrence (e.g., apple and pear co-occur with juicy). Four experiments (2017-2020) investigated this possibility with 4-8-year-olds (N =148, 82 female) and adults (N =116, 35 female) in a US city with 58.6% White; 29.0% Black, and 5.8% Asian demographics. Results revealed earlier development of the abilities to form direct (d s>0.536) than the abilities to form shared co-occurrence-based links (d s>1.291). We argue that the asynchronous development of abilities to form co-occurrence-based links may explain developmental changes in semantic organization.

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Developmental differences in memory reactivation relate to encoding and inference in the human brain

Cited by 21 publications

References 129 publications

Local and global reward learning in the lateral frontal cortex show differential development during human adolescence

Local and global reward learning in the lateral frontal cortex show differential development during human adolescence

Prolonged development of forced-choice recognition when targets are paired with non-corresponding lures

Experience and maturation: The contribution of co‐occurrence regularities in language to the development of semantic organization

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