Developmental changes in the facial soft tissues

Burke, P. H.; Hughes-Lawson, C A

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330790304

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Cranial bones grow at a similar rate to that of neural tissue, while bones of the midface follow a "facial" growth pattern, which is midway between the "neural" growth rate and the general skeletal ("somatic") growth rate (Baume et al, 1983;Buschang et al, 1983a). It was found that soft-tissue growth follows the underlying skeleton, e.g., with soft tissues around the orbits showing a "neural" rate of growth, while soft tissues around the maxilla and mandible follow a "facial" rate of growth (Burke and Hughes-Lawson, 1989). Differences between males and females in growth rates of craniofacial bones have been established, with males having greater relative growth than females (Buschang et al, 1983b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in soft‐tissue thicknesses on the human face and their relation to craniometric dimensions

Simpson

Henneberg

2002

American J Phys Anthropol

157

186

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The average thickness of soft tissues on parts of the face is known, but its variation has not been related to cranial morphology. To investigate this relationship, measurements of facial soft-tissue depths and craniometric dimensions were taken on adult, white Australian cadavers (17 male and 23 female). Significant correlations between many soft-tissue depths and craniometric dimensions were found, suggesting a relationship between the amount of soft tissue present on the face and the size of the underlying bony skeleton. Soft-tissue depths were highly positively correlated with each other; craniometric dimensions were correlated but to a lesser extent. Males had thicker soft tissues and larger craniometric dimensions than females; considerable overlap of ranges was also noted. Multiple regression analysis was used to produce equations predicting the soft-tissue depth at specified areas of the face from craniometric dimensions. A subsample of nine cadavers was examined for the effects of tissue embalming. Embalming caused significant initial increases in facial soft-tissue depths. Cadavers embalmed for less than 6 months had soft-tissue depths significantly greater than for fully embalmed cadavers. The evidence that facial soft-tissue thicknesses vary with craniofacial dimensions has implications for forensic identification, facial aesthetic surgery, and approximation of the facial features of extinct individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in soft‐tissue thicknesses on the human face and their relation to craniometric dimensions

Simpson

Henneberg

2002

American J Phys Anthropol

157

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Age-related changes in facial proportions, tissue thickness, and facial appearance occur as individuals grow and throughout senescence (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Several studies of facial soft-tissue depth (FSTD) have focused on children with different ethnic backgrounds and skeletal classes including: Caucasian (29)(30)(31)(32), African-American (29,33), Japanese (34,35), Hispanic (29), Class I, II, and III occlusion patterns (30,34,36), and a meta-analysis of pooled FSTD data (37).…”

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confidence: 99%

Facial Tissue Depths in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

Starbuck

Ghoneima

Kula

2014

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a craniofacial malformation affecting more than seven million people worldwide that results in defects of the hard palate, teeth, maxilla, nasal spine and floor, and maxillodental asymmetry. CLP facial soft-tissue depth (FSTD) values have never been published. The purpose of this research is to report CLP FSTD values and compare them to previously published FSTD values for normal children. Thirty-eight FSTDs were measured on cone beam computed tomography images of CLP children (n = 86; 7-17 years). MANOVA and ANOVA tests determined whether cleft type, age, sex, and bone graft surgical status affect tissue depths. Both cleft type (unilateral/bilateral) and age influence FSTDs. CLP FSTDs exhibit patterns of variation that differ from normal children, particularly around the oronasal regions of the face. These differences should be taken into account when facial reconstructions of children with CLP are created.

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Palatal thickening and facial form inParanthropus: Examination of alternative developmental models

McCollum

1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Paranthropus is distinctive among hominoids in its possession of a greatly thickened hard palate. Although traditionally considered a structural adaptation to counter high-magnitude masticatory stress, alternative developmental models are equally viable. Three models of palatal thickening were evaluated in this study. A mechanical model interprets palatal thickening as a compensatory response to increased instability of the midpalatal suture effected by an anterior placement of the masseteric muscle mass. This model predicts that palatal thickness is correlated with the length of the palate posterior to the masseteric tubercle. Two non-mechanical models consider the thickness of the hard palate to be structurally related to and therefore correlated with either 1) the degree to which the premaxilla overlaps the hard palate in the subnasal region or 2) the height of the posterior facial skeleton. The correlation of craniofacial variables was assessed intraspecifically in ontogenetic series of great ape and human crania. Tests of correlation were performed for each comparison using both residuals calculated from reduced major axis regression of the variable of interest against a measure of cranial size and shape ratios. A significant correlation of palatal thickness with posterior facial height in Pan suggests that the unusually thick hard palate of Paranthropus is directly related to the increased posterior facial height characteristic of this taxon. Further evaluation suggests that extreme palatal thickening in these specimens occurred by virtue of their possession of a nasal septum morphology in which the vomer extends onto the superior and nasal surface of the premaxilla. Such a morphology would have constrained the palatal nasal lamina to maintain the approximate level of the premaxillary nasal lamina throughout the growth process thereby promoting palatal thickening.

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Developmental changes in the facial soft tissues

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Variation in soft‐tissue thicknesses on the human face and their relation to craniometric dimensions

Variation in soft‐tissue thicknesses on the human face and their relation to craniometric dimensions

Facial Tissue Depths in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

Palatal thickening and facial form inParanthropus: Examination of alternative developmental models

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