Developmental Changes in Cell Wall Structure of Phloem Fibres of the Bamboo Dendrocalamus asper

Gritsch, Cristina Sanchis; Kleist, G.; Murphy, Richard J.

doi:10.1093/aob/mch169

Cited by 67 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Interestingly, multilayered cell walls are not an exclusive feature of ligninmodified plants. A similar sublayering has been described in fibers of bamboo (Bambusa sp), banana (Musa sp), coconut (Cocos nucifera), flax (Linum usitatissimum), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga sp) (Esau, 1965;Mueller and Beckman, 1979;Liese, 1981, 1985;Gritsch et al, 2004). In bamboo, the cellulose microfibrillar angles alternate between the subsequent layers (Parameswaran and Liese, 1980).…”

Section: Ccr Deficiency Results In Sublayering Of the Wallmentioning

confidence: 54%

Downregulation of Cinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase in Poplar: Multiple-Level Phenotyping Reveals Effects on Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism and Structure

et al. 2007

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Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) catalyzes the penultimate step in monolignol biosynthesis. We show that downregulation of CCR in transgenic poplar (Populus tremula 3 Populus alba) was associated with up to 50% reduced lignin content and an orange-brown, often patchy, coloration of the outer xylem. Thioacidolysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), immunocytochemistry of lignin epitopes, and oligolignol profiling indicated that lignin was relatively more reduced in syringyl than in guaiacyl units. The cohesion of the walls was affected, particularly at sites that are generally richer in syringyl units in wild-type poplar. Ferulic acid was incorporated into the lignin via ether bonds, as evidenced independently by thioacidolysis and by NMR. A synthetic lignin incorporating ferulic acid had a red-brown coloration, suggesting that the xylem coloration was due to the presence of ferulic acid during lignification. Elevated ferulic acid levels were also observed in the form of esters. Transcript and metabolite profiling were used as comprehensive phenotyping tools to investigate how CCR downregulation impacted metabolism and the biosynthesis of other cell wall polymers. Both methods suggested reduced biosynthesis and increased breakdown or remodeling of noncellulosic cell wall polymers, which was further supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wet chemistry analysis. The reduced levels of lignin and hemicellulose were associated with an increased proportion of cellulose. Furthermore, the transcript and metabolite profiling data pointed toward a stress response induced by the altered cell wall structure. Finally, chemical pulping of wood derived from 5-year-old, field-grown transgenic lines revealed improved pulping characteristics, but growth was affected in all transgenic lines tested.

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Section: Ccr Deficiency Results In Sublayering Of the Wallmentioning

confidence: 54%

Downregulation of Cinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase in Poplar: Multiple-Level Phenotyping Reveals Effects on Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism and Structure

et al. 2007

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“…The walls of shorter parenchyma cells remain mostly non-lignified even in mature culms and retain their cytoplasmic activity for a long time. Usually the maturation changes pertaining to lignifications and thickening of cell wall complete within 3-4 years (Liese 1998;Gritsch et al 2004).…”

Section: Anatomy Of Bamboo Culmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospect of bamboo as a renewable textile fiber, historical overview, labeling, controversies and regulation

Nayak

Mishra

2016

Fash Text

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Innovation in textile has brought alternative plant based fibers such as bamboo into the spotlight and as a replacement to petrochemical based synthetic fibers. Bamboo as a raw material is a remarkably sustainable and versatile resource but the manufacturing process is where the debate really gets heated and the sustainability and green image of bamboo is tarnished. Products made from bamboo are often labeled as ‘eco-friendly’, ‘bio-degradable’ and ‘anti-microbial’ irrespective of their method of manufacturing. The claims may not always portray the products authenticity and true environmental impact. By far, viscose process is predominantly used to create fibers from bamboo but the properties of natural bamboo fibers in such bamboo viscose products have been lost. However, bamboo textiles are not yet achieved their full potential and cleaner production processes are appearing. With abundant sources of raw material, relatively low cost; and unique performance of bamboo fiber it is only a matter of time to develop green and pure bamboo textiles. This paper analyses the prospects of bamboo fibers providing a view on bamboo as a plant and processed fiber, facts regarding the antimicrobial properties of bamboo fibers, its chemical properties, morphology, anatomy, historical overview, patents and modern bamboo textile industry.

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“…The fibres are the main components determining the mechanical properties of bamboo owing to their unidirectional arrangement in the tissue as well as their unique cell wall structure [3,4]. In contrast to the sandwich-like structured secondary wall of wood fibres with a dominating middle layer (S1 -S3), the bamboo fibres possess a much finer multi-layered wall structure with alternating broad and narrow sublayers [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibre wall anatomy [5,6], and in particular cell wall thickening [4,9], lignification [10,11] and cell wall nanostructural changes [12] during development of bamboo culms have been intensively studied. Only a few studies have been performed on mechanical properties of fibres or fibre caps [13][14][15], and the underlying structureproperty relationships of bamboo fibres that establish the gradients across the fibre caps are not well understood yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell wall structure and formation of maturing fibres of moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys pubescens ) increase buckling resistance

Wang

Ren

Zhang

et al. 2011

J. R. Soc. Interface.

129

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The mechanical stability of the culms of monocotyledonous bamboos is highly attributed to the proper embedding of the stiff fibre caps of the vascular bundles into the soft parenchymatous matrix. Owing to lack of a vascular cambium, bamboos show no secondary thickening growth that impedes geometrical adaptations to mechanical loads and increases the necessity of structural optimization at the material level. Here, we investigate the fine structure and mechanical properties of fibres within a maturing vascular bundle of moso bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, with a high spatial resolution. The fibre cell walls were found to show almost axially oriented cellulose fibrils, and the stiffness and hardness of the central part of the cell wall remained basically consistent for the fibres at different regions across the fibre cap. A stiffness gradient across the fibre cap is developed by differential cell wall thickening which affects tissue density and thereby axial tissue stiffness in the different regions of the cap. The almost axially oriented cellulose fibrils in the fibre walls maximize the longitudinal elastic modulus of the fibres and their lignification increases the transverse rigidity. This is interpreted as a structural and mechanical optimization that contributes to the high buckling resistance of the slender bamboo culms.

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Developmental Changes in Cell Wall Structure of Phloem Fibres of the Bamboo Dendrocalamus asper

Cited by 67 publications

References 15 publications

Downregulation of Cinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase in Poplar: Multiple-Level Phenotyping Reveals Effects on Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism and Structure

Downregulation of Cinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase in Poplar: Multiple-Level Phenotyping Reveals Effects on Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism and Structure

Prospect of bamboo as a renewable textile fiber, historical overview, labeling, controversies and regulation

Cell wall structure and formation of maturing fibres of moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys pubescens ) increase buckling resistance

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