Developmental changes in behavior and in steroid uptake by the male and female macaque brain

Age‐Dependent Variation in Behavior Following Acute Ethanol Administration in Male and Female Adolescent Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

“…Differential endogenous regulation of the GABA A , NMDA, and the dopamine (DA) systems, all of which have been implicated in ethanol sensitivity (Cohen et al, 1997;Devaud et al, 2003;Fromme et al, 2004;Imperato and Chiara, 1986;Loh and Ball, 2000;Silveri and Spear, 2002;White and Swartzwelder, 2004;Wilson et al, 1990), may contribute to sex differences in both the initial response to ethanol as well as the development of dependence (Blanchard et al, 1993;Grobin et al, 1998;Spear, 2000). In rhesus macaques, researchers have found that while there are no discernable sex differences in the receptor systems and uptake mechanisms for neuroactive steroids, there are clear sex differences in the hormonal milieu present within the brain (Michael and Zumpe, 1998). Sex differences in the HPA-axis response to ethanol may also contribute to sex differences in behavioral sensitivity.…”