Developmental aspects of the cholinergic system

Ferulago angulata (Apiaceae) is a shrub indigenous to western Iran, Turkey and Iraq. In traditional medicine, F. angulata is recommended for treating digestive pains, hemorrhoids, snake bite, ulcers and as sedative. In the present study, the effects of inhaled F. angulata essential oil (1 and 3%, daily, for 21 days) on spatial memory performance were assessed in scopolamine-treated rats. Scopolamine-induced memory impairments were observed, as measured by the Y-maze and radial arm-maze tasks. Decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase along with increase of acetylcholinesterase activity and decrease of total content of reduced glutathione were observed in the rat hippocampal homogenates of scopolamine-treated animals as compared with control. Production of protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde significantly increased in the rat hippocampal homogenates of scopolamine-treated animals as compared with control, as a consequence of impaired antioxidant enzymes activities. Additionally, in scopolamine-treated rats exposure to F. angulata essential oil significantly improved memory formation and decreased oxidative stress, suggesting memory-enhancing and antioxidant effects. Therefore, our results suggest that multiple exposures to F. angulata essential oil ameliorate scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment by attenuation of the oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus.

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“…Moreover, the b Fig. 4 [40]. Our results indicated that the hippocampal AChE activity was significantly increased by scopolamine (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Antiamnesic and Antioxidants Effects of Ferulago angulata Essential Oil Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Laboratory Rats

et al. 2015

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“…It was proposed that, in addition to their classical role in synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters (NTs) have been proposed to play functional roles both during neurogenesis and during adult life (Buznikov et al, 1996;Biagioni et al, 2002;Karczmar, 2007;Bovetti et al, 2011;Young et al, 2011;Abreu-Villaça et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanisms and possible sites of acetylcholine release during chick primary sensory neuron differentiation

et al. 2012

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“…In the present study, ACR-induced perturbations in the fetal and maternal brain cholinesterase activity may possibly reflect changes in the neurotransmission of, or neurotoxic effects upon cholinergic system and thereby affecting the crucial regulatory role of neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Although the neurotransmitters in the cholinergic system are involved in several developmental processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, neurogenesis, plasticity, and axonal pathfinding [65], increased expression of cholinesterase can contribute to apoptosis [66]. Oligosaccharides supplements in the current study appreciably diminished the impact of ACR upon cholinesterase enzymes in brain regions and it seems likely that prebiotic-mediated proliferation of bacteria may possess the capacity to generate neurometabolities [67] to influence cholinergic neurotransmission in the CNS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Combination Supplement of Fructo- and Xylo-Oligosaccharides Significantly Abrogates Oxidative Impairments and Neurotoxicity in Maternal/Fetal Milieu Following Gestational Exposure to Acrylamide in Rat

et al. 2015

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Prebiotic oligosaccharides are demonstrated to confer a wide spectrum of physiological benefits during pregnancy. In view of this, focused attempts are being directed towards understanding their role as modulators of brain chemistry and behavior. Epidemiological studies have identified that exposure to neurotoxins during prenatal/early life can profoundly impact neurodevelopment/function. In this context, we have tested the hypothesis that a combination of prebiotic supplements during gestation has the propensity to attenuate acrylamide (ACR) induced oxidative impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity in maternal and fetal brain of rats. To achieve this, pregnant dams given oral supplements of a combination of fructo- and xylooligosaccharides (FOS + XOS, 3 g/kg/day) during gestation days (GD 0-19) were exposed to ACR (200 ppm in drinking water, GD 6-19). The behavioral analysis revealed that ACR dams fed prebiotics displayed higher exploratory behavior in the open field test. The prenatal evaluation showed that ACR-induced decrements of placental/fetal weights were markedly restored with prebiotic feeding. Prebiotics significantly offset markers of oxidative stress, restored enzymic antioxidants, cholinergic and mitochondrial function in the maternal and fetal brain. Concomitantly, prebiotics restored ACR-induced depletion in the levels of dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid in the maternal cortex that positively correlated with cecal bacterial numbers. Collectively, these data suggest that prenatal prebiotic oligosaccharide supplements protect developing brain against oxidative stress-mediated neurotoxicity. While the underlying mechanism/s by which prebiotics abrogate the impact of neurotoxicants in the developing brain merits further studies, we speculate that it may be mediated predominantly through attenuation of oxidative stress and proliferation of enteric microbiota.

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Developmental aspects of the cholinergic system

Cited by 132 publications

References 227 publications

Antiamnesic and Antioxidants Effects of Ferulago angulata Essential Oil Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Laboratory Rats

Antiamnesic and Antioxidants Effects of Ferulago angulata Essential Oil Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Laboratory Rats

The mechanisms and possible sites of acetylcholine release during chick primary sensory neuron differentiation

A Combination Supplement of Fructo- and Xylo-Oligosaccharides Significantly Abrogates Oxidative Impairments and Neurotoxicity in Maternal/Fetal Milieu Following Gestational Exposure to Acrylamide in Rat

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