Developmental aspects of childrenʼs definitions of pain

Gaffney, Anne; Dunne, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/0304-3959(86)90177-6

Cited by 142 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…During the formal operational period, cognitive structures reach their maximum qualitative potential with the development of propositional thought, in other words, to think about thinking. This phase is defined by a capacity for introspection and thinking about what is purely abstract, which, in terms of conceptualization of pain, includes physical and psychological components (26) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living with pain: the experience of children and adolescents in palliative care

Borghi

Rossato

Damião

et al. 2014

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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El estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la experiencia de niños y adolescentes en cuidados paliativos en el manejo diario del dolor. La investigación cualitativa fue realizada con entrevistas semi-estructuradas con seis niños entre siete y 17 años. La teoría del Desarrollo cognitivo de Piaget fue utilizada como Marco teórico y la Historia Oral como Referencial Metodológico. Cuatro temas fueron encontrados: describiendo el dolor; buscando una vida más próxima de la normalidad, a pesar del dolor y la enfermedad; utilizando varias alternativas para el control del dolor y viviendo la autoimagen perjudicada. A pesar del dolor ser un agente limitante en la vida de los niños y adolescentes, verificamos que enfrentaban el dolor diariamente y, que así mismo, tenían vida además del dolor y la enfermedad. Adicionamos, aun, la importancia de los enfermeros comprender que el eficaz manejo del dolor es esencial para una vida mas próxima de la normalidad, reduciendo su sufrimiento. DESCRIPTORES ABSTRACTA qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews with the aim of understanding the experience of children and adolescents under palliative care when managing pain daily and how they describe the intensity, quality and location of pain. We used Piaget's theory of cognitive development as a theoretical framework and oral history as a methodological framework. We found four themes: describing pain; seeking a life closer to normality, despite pain and disease; using a variety of alternatives for pain control; and living with damaged physical appearance. Although pain is a limiting factor in the lives of children and adolescents, we found that they faced their daily pain and still had a life beyond pain and illness. In addition, we highlight the relevance of nurses' understanding that effective management of pain in children is essential for a normal life and less suffering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living with pain: the experience of children and adolescents in palliative care

Borghi

Rossato

Damião

et al. 2014

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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“…Subjective measures, however, can be problematic when used with children because of children's limited cognitive development and because adult investigators often arbitrarily select values on subjective scales [9,10,22]. Behavioral observation methods rely on direct observations of behavior rather than on individuals' reports of their pain perceptions; thus, they can resolve some of these difficulties with subjective measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: pain‐related and psychosocial aspects and their relevance for assessment and treatment

Jaworsk

1993

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To review literature in the area of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis that has focused on pain experience, functional losses, and psychosocial functioning.Methods. This article provides a critical review of research addressing these three primary issues.Results. Subjective and behavioral measures have been developed to assess pain in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients, but further work is needed to determine the validity and reliability of these instruments. Tools to assess functional losses in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients also appear promising in preliminary studies. Patients can be at risk for difficulties in psychosocial functioning, although research suggests that there are a variety of family, parental, and child variables that influence child and sibling adaptation. Methodologic shortcomings prevent definitive conclusions in this area.Conclusions. A1 t hough met hodologic limitations have plagued this research in the past, new advances are facilitating improved understanding of children and adolescents with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Implications for future study with this challenging population are offered. Theresa M. Jaworski. PhD, is at the Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota.Address correspondence to Theresa M. Jaworski, PhD, Section of Psychology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905.Submitted for publication February 3,1993; accepted July 15,1993. 0 11193 by the Arthritis Foundation.Key Words: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; Psychosocial aspects; Pain; Assessment.It has been estimated that 60,000 to 250,000 children in the United States are affected with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA); thus, JRA is one of the most common chronic diseases in children [1,2]. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is an inclusive term for children with joint involvement occurring before or at age 16 years. Three distinct forms are recognized at diseaseonset: (1) the systemic form, characterized mainly by fever, rash, and modest arthritis; (2) the pauciarticular form, characterized by involvement of four joints or fewer; and (3) the polyarticular form, which involves more than four joints. The pauci-and polyarticular forms are further subdivided into two types each. Pauciarticular type I occurs mainly in young girls who may also have eye involvement, whereas type I1 is more frequent in older boys and primarily involves the lower extremities and the axial skeleton. The polyarticular form also has two types, seropositive and seronegative (for immunoglobulin M-rheumatoid faotor). (Children with systemic-onset JRA that evolves into polyarthritis and those with seropositive polyarthritis tend to have persistent joint inflammation and joint cdestruction and must cope with chronic pain and experience greater functional losses [3-51. Psychologically-related research has been conducted to better understand three aspects of JRA: (1) the experience of pain in children and adolescents with JRA; ( 2 ) how functional activity levels might be compromised by the disease and t...

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“…x The articles by Gaffney et al (1986) and Esteve et al (2011) describe different stages in the development of children's understanding of the concept pain, but these stages only allow for very limited conclusions about when 'mental' aspects enter into children's understanding of pain.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%