Developmental anomalies affecting the morphology of teeth – a review

Abstract

Introduction: The development of tooth is a complex process wherein there is series of interactions between the ectoderm and ectomesenchyme. The role of genes in determining the shape and form of a specific tooth has already been defined, the alterations in which can lead to a variety of anomalies in regards to number, size, form, shape, structure, etc. Objective: To review the literature on the developmental anomalies of teeth. Literature review: The developmental anomalies affecting the morphology exists in both deciduous & permanent dentition and shows various forms such as gemination, fusion, concrescence, dilacerations, dens evaginatus, dens invaginatus, enamel pearls, taurodontism or peg laterals. These anomalies have clinical significance concerning esthetics, malocclusion and more importantly predisposing the development of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Conclusion: Knowledge of various diagnostic criteria for identification of these developmental anomalies is significant for early diagnosis and pertinent treatment.

Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Odisha Population: A Panoramic Radiographic Study

“…The prevalence ranges between 1 and 8%. 2 Our results showed an occurrence of 0.37% which falls within this range. Concrescence is the cemental union of two adjacent teeth without confluence of the underlying dentin showing independent pulp chambers as well as root canals which usually affect the extraction of adjacent teeth (Figs 1A to C).…”

“…16 Peg-shaped laterals refer to a conical-shaped lateral incisor with a sharp and acute edge, which is broadest cervically and tapers incisally to a blunt point, and the prevalence varies from 0.8 to 8.4% whereas in our study the prevalence was 7.41%, which was the second common anomaly. 2,17 Failure of teeth to form is noted to be one of the most common DA encountered with a prevalence of 1.6 to 11.3%. Our study showed a prevalence of 4.07% congenitally missing teeth, which is in consistent with the previous studies.…”

“…1 Disturbances occurring during this process can result in dental anomalies (DAs) of tooth which can change the shape, size, structure, number, and their eruption patterns. 2 These alterations may be primary or arise secondary to environmental influences, certain genetic alterations, prenatal, and postnatal events like mineralization or maturation of the three mineralized components of the tooth, i.e., enamel, dentin, and the cementum. [3][4][5] Dental anomalies usually cause malocclusion and affect the organization of the dental arches which in turn cause difficulties in dental treatment ranging from a simple extraction to root canal procedure.…”

“…The discrepancies in the data may be attributed to racial differences, different sampling techniques, and different diagnostic criteria. 2,[9][10][11] Knowledge on prevalence and incidence of DAs can also provide information for genetic and phylogenic studies,…”

Does the addition of dexamethason to local anesthetic prolong the analgesia of interscalen plexus brachialis block in patients with shoulder surgery?

“…In one study by Shrestha BR, onset of action was 10-30 minutes in local anesthetic group (mean 18.15 ± 18 Nancheva Jasminka, Andonovski Alan, Georgieva Daniela, Bozinovski Zoran, Dzoleva Roza,Gavrilovski Antonio, Georgiev Antonio (15). However another study by Ali Movafegh, found that the onset time of sensory and motor blockade was similar in both groups (with and without dexamethasone) (16).…”