Developmental and circadian control of the capacity for δ-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in green barley

Kruse, Elisabeth; Grimm, Bernhard; Beator, Jens; Kloppstech, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s004250050124

Cited by 52 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Angiosperm plants contain at least two genes that encode GTR (Ilag et al, 1994;Bougri and Grimm, 1996;Kumar et al, 1996;Tanaka et al, 1996Tanaka et al, , 1997Vothknecht et al, 1996;Kruse et al, 1997;McCormac et al, 2001;Ujwal et al, 2002). These genes are differentially expressed in different tissues and under different developmental conditions (Gough et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of the genes for GSAT, like those for GTR, is influenced by the light and developmental status (Ilag et al, 1994;Kruse et al, 1997;Polking et al, 1999). However, the effects of light are difficult to interpret.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In etiolated barley seedlings, GSAT mRNA levels decrease upon transfer to light (Grimm, 1990), and, in cucumber leaves, GSAT mRNA levels do not change in the light . The GSAT protein level does not appear to follow the mRNA level (Kannangara and Gough, 1978;Masuda et al, 1996;Kruse et al, 1997;Kumar et al, 1999;Polking et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light-and developmentally regulated expression of genes for GTR has been reported in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus; Ilag et al, 1994;Bougri and Grimm, 1996;Kumar et al, 1996;Tanaka et al, 1996Tanaka et al, , 1997Vothknecht et al, 1996;Kruse et al, 1997;McCormac et al, 2001;Ujwal et al, 2002). Smaller variations in the expression of genes for GSAT have also been reported (Grimm, 1990;Ilag et al, 1994;Kruse et al, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cellular Levels of Glutamyl-tRNA Reductase and Glutamate-1-Semialdehyde Aminotransferase Do Not Control Chlorophyll Synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

et al. 2005

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5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is the first committed universal precursor in the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway. In plants, algae, and most bacteria, ALA is generated from glutamate. First, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase activates glutamate by ligating it to tRNAGlu. Activated glutamate is then converted to glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA) by glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GTR). Finally, GSA is rearranged to ALA by GSA aminotransferase (GSAT). In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, GTR and GSAT were found in the chloroplasts and were not detected in the mitochondria by immunoblotting. The levels of both proteins (assayed by immunoblotting) and their mRNAs (assayed by RNA blotting) were approximately equally abundant in cells growing in continuous dark or continuous light (fluorescent tubes, 80 μmol photons s−1 m−2), consistent with the ability of the cells to form chlorophyll under both conditions. In cells synchronized to a 12-h-light/12-h-dark cycle, chlorophyll accumulated only during the light phase. However, GTR and GSAT were present at all phases of the cycle. The GTR mRNA level increased in the light and peaked about 2-fold at 2 h into the light phase, and GTR protein levels also increased and peaked 2-fold at 4 to 6 h into the light phase. In contrast, although the GSAT mRNA level increased severalfold at 2 h into the light phase, the level of GSAT protein remained approximately constant in the light and dark phases. Under all growth conditions, the cells contained significantly more GSAT than GTR on a molar basis. Our results indicate that the rate of chlorophyll synthesis in C. reinhardtii is not directly controlled by the expression levels of the mRNAs for GTR or GSAT, or by the cellular abundance of these enzyme proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular Levels of Glutamyl-tRNA Reductase and Glutamate-1-Semialdehyde Aminotransferase Do Not Control Chlorophyll Synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

et al. 2005

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“…Glutamyl-tRNA reductase (catalyzing the first committed step in the tetrapyrrole pathway) is of particular regulatory importance in photosynthetic systems. The enzyme is subject to strong feedback regulation (41) and appears to turn over rapidly (42).…”

Section: Presence Of Pchlide B and Pheophorbide B-thementioning

confidence: 99%

The Presence of Chlorophyll b inSynechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Disturbs Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis and Enhances Chlorophyll Degradation

Vavilin

Vermaas

2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Chlorophyll Biosynthesis—Metabolism and Strategies of Higher Plants to Avoid Photooxidative Stress

Apel

Regulation of Photosynthesis

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Developmental and circadian control of the capacity for δ-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in green barley

Abstract: The synthesis of d-aminolevulinic acid (d-ALA) is a key step in the regulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis. To study the developmentally and circadianclock controlled mechanism that co-ordinates synthesis of chlorophylls and chlorophyll-binding proteins,

Cited by 52 publications

References 35 publications

Cellular Levels of Glutamyl-tRNA Reductase and Glutamate-1-Semialdehyde Aminotransferase Do Not Control Chlorophyll Synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Cellular Levels of Glutamyl-tRNA Reductase and Glutamate-1-Semialdehyde Aminotransferase Do Not Control Chlorophyll Synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The Presence of Chlorophyll b inSynechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Disturbs Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis and Enhances Chlorophyll Degradation

Chlorophyll Biosynthesis—Metabolism and Strategies of Higher Plants to Avoid Photooxidative Stress

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