Developmental abnormalities and changes in cholinesterase activity in sea urchin embryos and larvae from sperm exposed to engineered nanoparticles

Developmental abnormalities and neurotoxicological effects of CuO NPs on the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula by embryotoxicity assay

“…A significant concentration-related decline in embryonic growth was observed, as well as an increase in developmental defects, including skeletal abnormalities such as incomplete or absent skeletal rods and arms shorter than those in the control larvae. Similar findings were documented by Gambardella et al (2013) as effects of exposure to different concentrations of nanosilver, titanium oxide and cobalt NPs on the sperm of the sea urchin P. lividus. Manzo et al (2013) investigated the toxic effects of three Zn-based substances on P. lividus embryos, and found among the most common abnormalities delayed/arrested development, exogastrulation, skeletal abnormalities and radialized plutei.…”

“…Several aspects make it a suitable model for embryotoxicity test such as the large number of eggs available, their transparent envelope and the synchronous development (Manzo, 2004). Recent works, although few in number, reported the use of gametes, embryos and/or larvae of sea urchins to evaluate the effects of engineered NPs (Falugi et al, 2012;Gambardella et al, 2013;Manzo et al, 2013;Matranga and Corsi, 2012).…”

“…The great majority of NPs derive from natural processes, such as forest fires, dust storms, erosion, volcanic eruptions (Wigginton et al, 2007). Yet, the rise in the use of manmade NPs and their consequent release into the environment might have repercussions on the ecosystem (Campos et al, 2014;Cupaioli et al, 2014;Gambardella et al, 2013;Pereira et al, 2014Ren et al, 2014. In the last few decades, concerns have been raised over the toxic potential of NPs on the environment and human health, because of their small size and high catalytic properties (Asharani et al, 2008;Klaine et al, 2008;Muth-K€ ohne et al, 2013;S€ oderstjerna et al, 2014).…”

Toxicity Effect of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles on Fertilization Capacity and Reproduction Success of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…More studies are needed to understand the mechanism by which the silver nanoparticles affect the fertilization of the egg and sperm of fish. Although no information is available about the effect of silver nanoparticles on fertilization and reproduction of fishes, but in a study about aquatic organisms, it has been shown that although fertilization capability of sea urchin sperm is not influenced by silver nanoparticles, their offspring exhibit 4/4 morphological abnormalities [17]. In few studies which have been conducted on mammalian sperm, signs of toxic effect of silver nanoparticles are observed.…”

Effect of silver nanoparticles on Mediterranean sea urchin embryonal development is species specific and depends on moment of first exposure

“…Similar findings were obtained by the exposure of P. lividus 4 cell stage embryos to significantly higher concentrations of citrate-stabilized AgNP (Šiller et al, 2013). In addition, spermiotoxicity tests on P. lividus sperm confirm the impact of AgNP on embryonal development and skeletal biomineralization (Gambardella et al, 2013(Gambardella et al, , 2015. However, the potential for embryos to experience different levels of sensitivity at various stages of their development has not been addressed to date.…”