Development rheological and thermal properties of a novel propellant RDX/TEGDN/NBC

Xiaorui, Huang; Luo, Qingping; Zhu, Jingchuan; Li, Zhaoqian; Zhao, Jing; Pei, Chonghua

doi:10.1007/s42452-020-03792-x

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Along with that, Figure 4b,c confirm the presence of the functional groups of CN, i.e., there are two intense peaks at 1656-1659 cm −1 and 1278-1281 cm −1 attributed to the NO 2 asymmetric and symmetric vibrations, respectively; there is a broad intense peak at 834-840 cm −1 attributed to the O-NO 2 stretching vibration; and there are less intense peaks at 747-751 cm −1 and 683-694 cm −1 coming from the O-NO 2 asymmetric and symmetric bending, respectively. These functional groups observed in the IR spectra of the CNs are consistent with those found in classical CNs derived from both bacterial sources [5,23,28,31,33,34] and plant celluloses [5,8,17,56,58].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The synthesis of CNs requires that cellulose-concomitant components be removed from plant raw materials, and these processes inflict environmental damage [21]. Research has focused on finding new energetic materials [22][23][24] with a high purity and a unique reticulate nanostructure [25,26] concerning nanocellulose [27][28][29] and, most notably, bacterial cellulose (BC) as the leader among the nanocelluloses [30][31][32], has presently reached its highest demand [33][34][35][36][37]. The broad application prospects and benefits of nanocellulose nitrate-based energetic materials were overviewed back in 2014 [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial works on the synthesis of CN from BC (CN BC) were described as early as 2006 [22] and 2010 [23]. The next wave of larger and more extensive studies on CN BC started in 2018 [24] and continues to the present [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] because CN BC has several advantages over plant-based cellulose nitrates, in particular, its high stability due to the ultrafine, high-purity, reticulate fibrous structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose Nitrates-Blended Composites from Bacterial and Plant-Based Celluloses

Gismatulina,

Budaeva

2024

Polymers

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Cellulose nitrates (CNs)-blended composites based on celluloses of bacterial origin (bacterial cellulose (BC)) and plant origin (oat-hull cellulose (OHC)) were synthesized in this study for the first time. Novel CNs-blended composites made of bacterial and plant-based celluloses with different BC-to-OHC mass ratios of 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70 were developed and fully characterized, and two methods were employed to nitrate the initial BC and OHC, and the three cellulose blends: the first method involved the use of sulfuric–nitric mixed acids (MAs), while the second method utilized concentrated nitric acid in the presence of methylene chloride (NA + MC). The CNs obtained using these two nitration methods were found to differ between each other, most notably, in viscosity: the samples nitrated with NA + MC had an extremely high viscosity of 927 mPa·s through to the formation of an immobile transparent acetonogel. Irrespective of the nitration method, the CN from BC (CN BC) was found to exhibit a higher nitrogen content than the CN from OHC (CN OHC), 12.20–12.32% vs. 11.58–11.60%, respectively. For the starting BC itself, all the cellulose blends of the starting celluloses and their CNs were detected using the SEM technique to have a reticulate fiber nanostructure. The cellulose samples and their CNs were detected using the IR spectroscopy to have basic functional groups. TGA/DTA analyses of the starting cellulose samples and the CNs therefrom demonstrated that the synthesized CN samples were of high purity and had high specific heats of decomposition at 6.14–7.13 kJ/g, corroborating their energy density. The CN BC is an excellent component with in-demand energetic performance; in particular, it has a higher nitrogen content while having a stable nanostructure. The CN BC was discovered to have a positive impact on the stability, structure, and energetic characteristics of the composites. The presence of CN OHC can make CNs-blended composites cheaper. These new CNs-blended composites made of bacterial and plant celluloses are much-needed in advanced, high-performance energetic materials.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose Nitrates-Blended Composites from Bacterial and Plant-Based Celluloses

Gismatulina,

Budaeva

2024

Polymers

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“…CNs have acquired particular importance in disease diagnostics and treatment due to their microporous structure and strong affinity for interacting with and subsequently absorbing a biomaterial (for example, antibodies) [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]; antiCOVID-19 masks [ 5 ] and composite filter membranes for oligonucleotide extraction [ 6 , 7 ] have emerged. The energetic properties of CNs are in demand as constituents of explosive compositions [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] in the mining industry, road construction in mountainous areas, and focused demolition of obsolete structures because the safety and handling issues associated with CN-based compositions have currently been resolved at a very high level [ 12 ]. It should be emphasized that CNs themselves have become precursors of more complex chemicals with unique energetic characteristics [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Production of Cellulose Nitrates and Bacterial Cellulose from Lignocellulose of Energy Crop

Kashcheyeva,

Korchagina,

Gismatulina

et al. 2023

Polymers

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This study is focused on exploring the feasibility of simultaneously producing the two products, cellulose nitrates (CNs) and bacterial cellulose (BC), from Miscanthus × giganteus. The starting cellulose for them was isolated by successive treatments of the feedstock with HNO3 and NaOH solutions. The cellulose was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis for 2, 8, and 24 h. The cellulose samples after the hydrolysis were distinct in structure from the starting sample (degree of polymerization (DP) 1770, degree of crystallinity (DC) 64%) and between each other (DP 1510–1760, DC 72–75%). The nitration showed that these samples and the starting cellulose could successfully be nitrated to furnish acetone-soluble CNs. Extending the hydrolysis time from 2 h to 24 h led to an enhanced yield of CNs from 116 to 131%, with the nitrogen content and the viscosity of the CN samples increasing from 11.35 to 11.83% and from 94 to 119 mPa·s, respectively. The SEM analysis demonstrated that CNs retained the fiber shape. The IR spectroscopy confirmed that the synthesized material was specifically CNs, as evidenced by the characteristic frequencies of 1657–1659, 1277, 832–833, 747, and 688–690 cm−1. Nutrient media derived from the hydrolyzates obtained in 8 h and 24 h were of good quality for the synthesis of BC, with yields of 11.1% and 9.6%, respectively. The BC samples had a reticulate structure made of interlaced microfibrils with 65 and 81 nm widths and DPs of 2100 and 2300, respectively. It is for the first time that such an approach for the simultaneous production of CNs and BC has been employed.

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“…The mechanical sensitivity refers to the probability that energetic materials can burn or explode under mechanical action such as impact or friction [22][23][24]. Mechanical sensitivity is an important parameter for the safety performance of the energetic composite and the risk assessment in the process of energetic composites manufacture, transportation, storage and use.…”

Section: Basic Properties Of the Energetic Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance Thermoplastic Energetic Composites Using Fluorinated Energetic Polyurethanes as Binder

Tang

Wang

chen³

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The performance of energetic composite materials is largely dependent on the energy level and combustion process. The fluorine‐containing energetic polyurethanes as binder can facilitate the combustion of metallic fuels and enhance the energy level of the energetic composites. In the current report, two kinds of thermoplastic energetic composites are prepared, based on novel fluorine‐containing energetic polyurethanes as binder and also with aluminum nanoparticles (AlNPs) and ammonium perchlorate (AP). Compared with the energetic composites with fluorine‐free energetic polyurethane binder, despite the very low fluorine content, the fluorine‐containing energetic composites not only showed higher density, lower mechanical sensitivity, much higher mechanical toughness, but also a significantly improved combustion efficiency and combustion rate of the AlNPs.

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Development rheological and thermal properties of a novel propellant RDX/TEGDN/NBC

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Cellulose Nitrates-Blended Composites from Bacterial and Plant-Based Celluloses

Cellulose Nitrates-Blended Composites from Bacterial and Plant-Based Celluloses

Simultaneous Production of Cellulose Nitrates and Bacterial Cellulose from Lignocellulose of Energy Crop

High Performance Thermoplastic Energetic Composites Using Fluorinated Energetic Polyurethanes as Binder

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