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Stark, Chuck; Mitchell, Mary

doi:10.6028/nist.ir.4628

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In the colony formation assay, receptor expression vectors were co-electroporated with a neomycin resistance plasmid into BaF3 cells, which were later plated into 96-microwell plates containing acidic FGF in the absence of IL-3 and, to control for transfection eciency, into microwells a b Figure 1 Receptor sequence alignments. (a) Sequences of the murine FGFR-1 and FGFR-4 cytoplasmic domains (Mansukhani et al, 1990;Stark et al, 1991) are aligned and numbered within their kinase and kinase insert regions. The actual residue number for the ®rst and last cytoplasmic residues for each receptor are given in parentheses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid residues which distinguish the mitogenic potentials of two FGF receptors

Wang

Goldfarb

1997

Oncogene

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Fibroblast growth factors mediate cellular responses by interacting with a family of related receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs). We have previously shown that FGFR-1, but not of FGFR-4, ectopically expressed in BaF3 lymphoid cells allows for proliferation in response to FGFs, and that the intracellular signaling halves of these two receptors distinguish their mitogenic potentials (Wang et al., 1994). In order to map the residues which functionally distinguish these receptors, a panel of chimeric receptors whose cytodomains bear dierent contributions from FGFR-1 and FGFR-4 were constructed and characterized. The behavior of these chimeras implicate amino acids from both the kinase insert and kinase domains in receptor-mediated proliferation. Speci®cally, two tyrosine residues present in the short kinase insert domain of FGFR-1 and absent from FGFR-4 are a necessary, but not sucient, component of a fully mitogenic receptor, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation in the kinase insert promotes a mitogenic signaling pathway. A strongly mitogenic receptor also requires one or two FGFR-1-speci®c residues from either of two regions within the kinase domain. One of these regions is within the kinase domain's activation loop, where FGFR-1, but not FGFR-4, bears a key aspartate residue. The mitogenic potentials of FGFR-1, FGFR-4, and the chimeric receptors strongly correlates with the magnitude of ligand-induced receptor autophosphorylation in BaF3 cells. We discuss mechanisms by which these few key amino acid dierences may determine the levels of ligand-induced FGF receptor autophosphorylation and mitogenic potency.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid residues which distinguish the mitogenic potentials of two FGF receptors

Wang

Goldfarb

1997

Oncogene

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“…Much of the literature on migration as a strategy to overcome missing markets assumes that there are implicit contracts in migrant families, as for example, the migrant family uses its savings to pay a smuggler or to pay transportation costs abroad, and then the family member who is a migrant remits funds to keep her part of the contract. The migrant knows that, if something happens, the family will welcome her back home (Stark, 1991). 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If migrant families have better homes and TVs because of remittances from a family member abroad, non-migrant families may be motivated to send a migrant abroad to earn money to overcome their relative deprivation (Stark andTaylor, 1989, 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

Best Practices to Reduce Migration Pressures

Martin¹,

Straubhaar²

2002

International Migration

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Are there best practices to foster economic development, reduce population growth, and protect the environment in source countries of unauthorized migration, in a manner that reduces emigration pressures and redirects migration towards legal channels? This paper outlines cooperative actions that can be undertaken by both source and receiving countries to better manage the movements of people over national borders.There are two broad approaches to foster wanted migration and to reduce unwanted migration. First, maximize migrations payoffs by ensuring that the 3 Rs of recruitment, remittances, and returns foster economic and job growth in emigration areas. Second, make emigration unnecessary by adapting trade, investment and aid policies, and programmes that accelerate economic development and thus make it unnecessary for people to emigrate for jobs and wages.

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“…Even if immigration is considered beneficial in general, it might be wise to avoid a rapid inflow in special cases. Temporary migration may be deemed more beneficial because some theories predict that the higher the economic performance of migrants the higher is the probability of return migration (Stark, 1991). Temporary migration also allows easier adjustment to the business cycle, importing labour in boom phases and exporting unemployment during recessions.…”

Section: Policy Implications Regarding Migration Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14. Mincer, 1978Stark and Bloom, 1985: 175;Stark, 1983Stark, : 3-7, 1991 Recent survey and field studies have confirmed that the family relationship is crucial in analysing individual migration behaviour. Schaeffer (1987,1988 and 1991) gives a short survey of the importance of family behaviour in explaining migration patterns.…”

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confidence: 99%

Migration Pressure

Straubhaar

1993

International Migration

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"The basic message of this paper is that migration pressure is caused by an excess supply of migration-willing people relative to migration demand in immigration countries....I will also analyse the willingness of destination countries to accept immigrants.... This article concentrates more on political (in-)stability as probably the most important determinant of migration pressure....I also focus on the enormous migration-retarding effect of stable and well defined political institutions." Data concerning migration from Turkey to Europe, and especially to Germany, are used to illustrate. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

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Cited by 3 publications

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Amino acid residues which distinguish the mitogenic potentials of two FGF receptors

Amino acid residues which distinguish the mitogenic potentials of two FGF receptors

Best Practices to Reduce Migration Pressures

Migration Pressure

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