Development of urological cancers in renal transplant recipients: 30‐year experience at the Frankfurt Transplant Center

Abstract

Fatal post‐transplant malignancies with a high proportion of genitourinary neoplasms represent a serious long‐term challenge. With continuous improvement of the allograft and patient survival, cancer development after renal transplantation may soon turn to the leading morbidity cause. In a retrospective single‐center study of 1990 renal transplant recipients between November 1979 and November 2009, records of patients with urological neoplasms including epidemiological, clinical and survival parameters were accessed. Sixty‐six de novo urological malignancies in 58 recipients were recorded in the study period, being most common after skin cancers (15.6% of enregistered tumors). From these, 29 were renal cell cancers, including five neoplasms of transplanted kidney, 24 transitional cell carcinomas, 11 prostate carcinomas, and two germ cell carcinomas with incidence rates of 1.5%, 1.2%, 0.9% and 0.2%, respectively. The patient follow up was virtually complete. Tumor‐related death was found in 44% of cases. By multivariate analysis, no influence of either duration of dialysis, mode or duration of immunosuppression, gender or age at transplantation on overall patient survival could be demonstrated. This study, documenting a 30‐year single center experience, emphasizes the increased risk for urological neoplasms occuring after renal transplantation. Screening strategies for urological cancers should be optimized. (Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 2430–2435)

Metastatic Germ Cell Tumour Following Renal Transplantation

“…Germ cell testicular tumours account for approximately 3% of all renal transplant-associated malignancies [10]. Previous documentation of successful cisplatin use for advanced NSGCT following renal transplantation supported our treatment strategy for this patient [11,12,13,14,15].…”

Renal Cell Carcinoma and Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Ureter after Renal Transplantation with Neoplasm of Urethra in Follow up

“…[2][3][4] According to Suson et al, 9 the cure rate for transplant patients with localized disease who undergo nephrectomy is high, with disease-related mortality being from 0-10%. Thus, screening practices should prioritize the identification of high-risk patients, since the removal of the tumor in the native organ is potentially curative.…”

“…Factors such as being male, recipient and donor age, recipient of African descent, prolonged dialysis, immunosuppressant therapy and acute post-transplant rejection are related to risk for RCC after renal transplant. [2][3][4] This paper presents the first case of a renal transplant patient with double malignancy of the upper urinary system and cancer of the urethra evident after four years of follow-up.…”

Untitled

“…Renal cell carcinoma was reported to be the most frequent posttransplant urologic tract cancer. 33,34 In this study, of the 9 urinary tract cancers, 3 of them were kidney-graft RCC and 3 were native kidney cancer. Renal allograft carcinoma was reported in a few case reports.…”