Development of two cell lines from Epinephelus coioides brain tissue for characterization of betanodavirus and megalocytivirus infectivity and propagation

Characterization and virus susceptibility of a skin cell line from red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara)

“…Karyotype analysis revealed that 59% of the cells possessed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 48, which was identical with the modal number of grouper cell lines such as GS, GSC, SIGE, and RGB (Qin et al 2006;Parameswaran et al 2007;Zhou et al 2007;Ku et al 2009), whereas some other cell lines derived from groupers, such as GSB, GH, GF, GBC1, EAGS, and EAGSB cells, and the chromosome numbers of them were 86, 66, 58, 44, 88, and 72, respectively (Lai et al 2003;Wen et al 2008;Huang et al 2009), which demonstrated that cell lines derived from different tissues of the same species may have varied number of chromosomes. These results may indicate the occurrence of aneuploidy due to cell immortalization.…”

Interferon regulatory factor-2 in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides): Gene, inductive expression pattern and subcellular localization

“…Till now, little data are available about IRFs of orange-spotted grouper when compared with other fish, such as cyprinid and salmonid fish. Therefore, extensive study on IRF family members of orange-spotted grouper would help understand its natural defense mechanism against different pathogens, especially virus which have led to frequent and heavy economic losses in the aquaculture over the past few years (Wen et al, 2008). Recently, the IRF-1 gene of orange-spotted grouper has been studied in our lab (Shi et al, 2009).…”

Establishment and Characterization of a Novel Kidney-cell Line from Orange-spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides, and its Susceptibility to Grouper Iridovirus

“…The modal number of the grouper brain cell line is 48 at the 35th passage and becomes 60 at the 70th passage. A clonal cell line, GBC4, derived from grouper (Epinephelus coioides) brain also demonstrates a shift of chromosome number from 22 to 58 [24]. These results indicated that GK-7 cell line similar to most of the established fish cell line, had undergone some degree of cell transformation.…”

“…Hence, development a continuous cell line from tropical fish species for identifying pathogenesis of viral diseases and for vaccine production is imperative. To date, more than 22 cell lines have been developed from grouper for iridovirus and NNV isolation, such as seven cell lines established from eye, fin, heart, swimbladder, kidney, liver and brain of E. awoara; four from brain, fin, eye and spleen of E. coioides [3,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]; five from snout, spleen, live, kidney and swimbladder of E. akaara [4,9,15,24,25]; three from brain, gill, heart of E. quoyanus [10]; one from heart of E. lanceolatus [5]; one from embryo cells of E. tauvina [17]; and one from fin of E. fuscoguttatus [22]. Although four cell lines derived from E. coioides, have been documented, no cell line has been derived from kidney of the species.…”