Development of the Trait Respect-Related Emotions Scale for late adolescence

Abstract

This study developed a scale to measure the respect-related emotional traits (the Trait Respect-Related Emotions Scale) for late adolescence and examined the reliability and validity. In study 1, 368 university students completed the items of the Trait Respect-Related Emotions Scale and other scales of theoretically important personality constructs including adult attachment style, the "Big Five," self-esteem, and two types of narcissistic personality. Factor analysis indicated that there are three factors of trait respect-related emotions: (a) trait (prototypical) respect; (b) trait idolatry (worship and adoration); and (c) trait awe. The three traits associated differentially with the daily experience (frequency) of the five basic respect-related emotions (prototypical respect, idolatry, awe, admiration, and wonder), and other constructs. In Study 2, a test-retest correlation of the new scale with 60 university students indicated good reliability. Both studies generally supported the reliability and validity of the new scale. These findings suggest that, at least in late adolescence, there are large individual differences in respectrelated emotion experiences and the trait of respect should be considered as multi-dimensional structure.

Meaning of awe in Japanese (con)text: Beyond fear and respect

“…Nevertheless, a validation of such an assumption would require further empirical research on Japanese definitions of awe, which is unfortunately very scarce. Fortunately, a notable exception is a series of work by Muto (2014Muto ( , 2016. Muto (2014) compared the meaning of awe-related words with other respect-related emotional words in Japanese.…”

“…Therefore, with such negative connotations, the Japanese words for awe are dissociable from other respect related words. Muto (2016) developed a scale that measures an individual's trait-like tendency to feel negative awe, as dissociated from other respect-related emotions. Nevertheless, while the theme of respect is power distance and although respect is felt towards superordinates, it is unclear from this line of research if awe-related words indeed capture the large magnitude of power distance that is above and beyond typical respect, requiring an accommodation of one's mental framework.…”

“…Our approach provides a quantitative measure of content validity of trait-level awe scales (Muto, 2016;Shiota et al, 2006) that explicitly use the word "awe/ / / " (e.g., "I often feel awe"; Shiota et al, 2006). These scales do not solely consist of these labels, but also uses items that capture the appraisals of vastness and need for accommodation without explicitly using the labels.…”

Trait Respect Is Linked to Reduced Gray Matter Volume in the Anterior Temporal Lobe

“…We often experience respect upon genuine recognition of excellent behavior, achievement, moral qualities, and personalities in other persons (Kitayama et al, 2006;Li and Fischer, 2007;Muto, 2014Muto, , 2016a. Respect is important for self-development and interpersonal relationships.…”

“…As all participants in this study were Japanese, we designed this study based on the Japanese concept for respect, sonkei (Muto, 2014(Muto, , 2016a. Muto (2016b) investigated a Japanese concept reflecting trait respect which refers to one's proneness to experience respect toward others.…”