Development of the Structure of Cemented Carbides during Their Processing by SLM and HIP

Bricín, David; Ackermann, Michal; Jansa, Zdeněk; Kubátová, Dana; Kříž, Antonín; Špirit, Zbyněk; Šafka, Jiří

doi:10.3390/met10111477

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…As in a previous study (Bricín et al, 2020), a commercially available WC-Co powder blend, designated AM WC701, was used as the experimental material. This material was supplied by Global Tungsten and Powders s.r.o., Brunt al (CZE).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure and the properties of WC-Co samples produced by SLM technology and carbon-doped prior to HIP processing

Bricín

Véle²,

Jansa³

et al. 2022

RPJ

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to verify how the carbon doping of the WC-Co cemented carbide (CC) affected their structure before their processing by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technology. Design/methodology/approach The samples for this experiment were fabricated by selective laser melting technology (SLM) using a YAG fiber laser with a power of P = 40 W and a scanning speed of 83 mm/s. The subsequent carbon doping process was performed in a chamber furnace at 900 0 C for 1, 4 and 12 h. The HIP was performed at 1,390°C and pressures of 40 MPa, 80 MPa and 120 MPa. The changes induced in the structures were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and various microscopic methods. Findings X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the structure of the samples after SLM consisted of WC, W2C, Co4W2C and Co phases. As a result of the increase in the carbon content in the structure of the samples, the transition carbide W2C and structural phase Co4W2C decayed. Their decay was manifested by the coarsening of the minor alpha phase (WC), which occurred both during the carburizing process and during the subsequent processing using HIP. In the samples in which the structure was carburized prior to HIP, only the structural phases WC and Co were observed in most cases. Originality/value The results confirm that it is possible to increase the homogeneity of the CC structure and thus its applicability in practice by additional carburization of the sample structure with subsequent processing by HIP technology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure and the properties of WC-Co samples produced by SLM technology and carbon-doped prior to HIP processing

Bricín

Véle²,

Jansa³

et al. 2022

RPJ

Self Cite

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“…The first thing to determine was a set of parameters that would provide a satisfactory microstructure in the samples and eliminate cracks that occurred in the initial experiment. It is well documented that additive manufacturing of WC-Co parts using the SLM method causes the formation of brittle η-phases in the structure and severe WC grain growth is also usually present [15,18,19]. Therefore, the study was focused on determining parameter sets that result in a structure with a minimum of cracks and porosity.…”

Section: Stage 1: Parameter Study With Regard To Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These postprocessing techniques add an additional step to the manufacturing process, resulting in increased cost, time, and energy consumption [16,17]. Furthermore, research clearly shows that brittle phases and tungsten carbide grain growth occur even when low volumetric energy density (VED) is used [18]. Therefore, it is better to set up process parameters to achieve a non-porous structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of WC-Co Specimens with Internal Channels

et al. 2023

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Most material removal in modern manufacturing is currently performed using tools with indexable inserts. Additive manufacturing allows for the creation of new, experimental insert shapes and, more importantly, internal structures, such as channels for coolant. This study deals with developing a process for efficiently manufacturing WC-Co specimens with internal coolant channels with a focus on obtaining a suitable microstructure and surface finish, especially inside the channels. The first part of this study covers the development of process parameters to achieve a microstructure without cracks and with minimal porosity. The next stage focuses solely on improving the surface quality of the parts. Special attention is given to the internal channels, where true surface area and surface quality are evaluated, as these characteristics greatly influence coolant flow. To conclude, WC-Co specimens were successfully manufactured and a microstructure with low porosity and no cracks was achieved and an effective parameter set was found. We have developed a process that produces parts with a surface roughness comparable to those of standard SLS manufacturing of steel parts, while still providing a high-quality internal microstructure. The most suitable parameter set resulted in a profile surface roughness of Ra 4 μm and Rz 31 μm and areal surface roughness of Sa 7 µm and Sz 125 µm.

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“…Recently, the manufacturing of complex-shaped WC-Co parts were also demonstrated in without preheating plate [2]. Even with internal porosity and short cracks could be eliminated by post HIP treatment [19][20][21][22][23]. However, for developments in the field of hard metals, many studies have been conducted to find alternative materials to replace cobalt due to environmental issues related to its production.…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing Of Cermet Produced By Laser Powder Be...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of cermet produced by laser powder bed fusion using alternative Ni binder

PAPY

2023

Materials Research Proceedings

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Abstract. Cermets are composite materials made of a ceramic reinforcement and a metal matrix, generally cobalt as binder, with mass content from 6 to 20 wt.%. Cermets are produced by conventional sintering process and are known for their high hardness, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, and high melting temperature. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing technology widely applied for direct fabrication of functional metallic parts with complex geometry such as internal channels or lattices structures. Considering several studies, production of cermets by L-PBF process is challenging. Recent publications have demonstrated the feasibility to produce WC-Co parts by L-PBF combined with Hot Isostatic Pressure (HIP) heat-treatment. HIP process is sometimes additionally performed as post-treatment to remove defects. HIP is performed at high temperatures and isostatic pressures in a furnace [1]. In this study, following an experimental design a parametric optimization was conducted in order to maximize the mass density of WC-17Ni. Process parameters were compared to those used for WC-17Co parts from recent study [2]. To improve the printed specimen integrity, the as-built samples were heat-treated. As-built and HIP samples were analyzed and compared in terms of mass density, microstructure, crystallographic phases, and macro hardness.

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Development of the Structure of Cemented Carbides during Their Processing by SLM and HIP

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

The structure and the properties of WC-Co samples produced by SLM technology and carbon-doped prior to HIP processing

The structure and the properties of WC-Co samples produced by SLM technology and carbon-doped prior to HIP processing

Additive Manufacturing of WC-Co Specimens with Internal Channels

Additive manufacturing of cermet produced by laser powder bed fusion using alternative Ni binder

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