The influence of several chelating agents (CaDTPA, ZnDTPA, CaEDTA, ZnEDTA, DMSA, D-penicillamine and DMPS, DMP and DDC) on the acute toxicity of CdCl2 and on the whole body retention and tissue distribution of cadmium after the IV application of 115mCdCl2 was compared in mice. The chelating agents were applied immediately after the application of cadmium. CaDTPA, ZnDTPA and DMSA appeared to be the most effective antidotes. However, DMSA increased the amount of cadmium retained in kidneys. The treatment of cadmium-poisoned mice with the combination of DMSA (IP) and ZnDTPA (SC) (all the compounds were injected in equimolar dose) decreased the toxicity of cadmium more than treatment with one chelating agents (given in a 2:1 dose). However, by studying the effect of these chelating agents and their combination of the retention and distribution of Cd in mice, it was demonstrated that the combined application of the antidotes showed little or no improvement over the results obtained with the most effective of the individual components. In the urine of rats injected with CdCl2 and treated with the chelating agents (CaDTPA, ZnDTPA, DMSA), the presence of cadmium complexes was demonstrated. The formation of mixed ligand chelates in vivo was not proved. Experiments in mice given a single injection of 115mCd-labeled Cd complexes of DMPS, DMSA and DTPA showed a high retention of cadmium in the organisms after the IV application of CdDMPS and CdDMSA complexes.

The influence of several chelating agents (CaDTPA, ZnDTPA, CaEDTA, ZnEDTA, DMSA, D-penicillamine and DMPS, DMP and DDC) on the acute toxicity of CdCl2 and on the whole body retention and tissue distribution of cadmium after the IV application of ll5mCdCl2 was compared in mice. The chelating agents were applied immediately after the application of cadmium. CaDTPA, ZnDTPA and DMSA appeared to be the most effective antidotes. However, DMSA increased the amount of cadmium retained in kidneys. The treatment of cadmium-poisoned mice with the combination of DMSA (IP) and ZnDTPA (SC) (all the compounds were injected in equimolar dose) decreased the toxicity of cadmium more than treatment with one chelating agents (given in a 2:1 dose). However, by studying the effect of these chelating agents and their combination of the retention and distribution of Cd in mice, it was demonstrated that the combined application of the antidotes showed little or no improvement over the results obtained with the most effective of the individual components. In the urine of rats injected with CdCl2 and treated with the chelating agents (CaDTPA, ZnDTPA, DMSA), the presence of cadmium complexes was demonstrated. The formation of mixed ligand chelates in vivo was not proved. Experiments in mice given a single injection of ll5mCd-labeled Cd complexes of DMPS, DMSA and DTPA showed a high retention of cadmium in the organisms after the IV application of CdDMPS and CdDMSA complexes.

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Beranová M., P. Manìáková, P. ·íma, J. Slípka, F. VoÏeh, J. Koãová, M. âervinková, J. S˘kora: Morphology of Adrenal Gland and Lymph Organs is Impaired in Neurodeficient Lurcher Mutant Mice. Acta Vet. Brno 2002, 71: 23-28. There is a tight structural relation and functional co-operation between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. A dense network of soluble neuro-endocrine and immune mediators exists to ensure close interactions. These hormones, cytokines and neurotransmitters all interact through positive and negative feed-forward and feedback loops. The mediators, once considered specific to the central nervous system (CNS), the endocrine system (ES) or the immune system (IS), do in fact act in all three systems, forming that way the united neuro-endocrine-immune system. The complex neuro-endocrine-immune networks operate under both physiological and pathological conditions.In the presented study microscopical analyses of selected immune organs (the thymus, spleen, inguinal and subscapular lymph nodes) and of the adrenal gland of the neurodeficient Lurcher mutant mice and control C3H mice were performed. In the neurodeficient mice the morphology of the immune organs was impaired. The changes followed in the spleen, especially the increased number of megakaryocytes, lead to the hypothesis of enhanced extramedullar hemopoiesis in the neurodeficient Lurcher mutant mice. Histopathological analysis of the adrenal gland showed the relative hypertrophy of the adrenal medulla. Regarding the adrenal cortex, the three cortical zones, zona glomerularis, fasciculata and reticularis, are difficult to be distinguished. It has been supposed that structural changes of adrenal medulla could document the increased secretion of catecholamines in the neurodeficient animals.Our observations confirm the idea of the tight cooperation of neuro-endocrine-immune structures and contribute to its better understanding, specifically in the conditions of postnatally progressing neurodeficiency. Lurcher mutant mice, homeostatic relatioships, neuro-endocrine-immune system, adrenal gland, megakaryocytesThe intrinsic condition for the individual survival is a balance of the internal enviromenthomeostasis. There are many proofs of the existence of a unified neuro-endocrine-immune regulatory system that is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis (Michael and Chapman 1990;Weigent and Blalock 1995;Besedovsky et al. 1983). The regulatory relations within that system are mutual and complex (Jankovic 1989;Csaba 1994; ·íma and Vûtviãka 1990;Provinciali and Fabris 1991;Pertseva 1991; Slípka 1961).To contribute to the explanation of these relations we used in our previous study "an experiment of the nature", gross-brain malformation -anencephaly -which eliminates the central nervous system and consequently the neuro-endocrine part of the homeostatic system (Slípka et al. 1997; B e ranová 1994). The spontaneously aborted human foetuses without any external malformation and human anencephalic foetuses were compared with