Development of The Stem of Jatropha multifida Linn as A New Antimalarial through Erythrocytes Test on Mus musculus Infected by Plasmodium berghei

Abstract

Introduction : Jatropha multifida Linne is known as Betadin plant by the Bengkulunese. The stem extract of J. multifida has antibacterial activity. This study examined the potential of stem extract of J. multifida to be developed as an anti-malarial drugs through trials in M. musculus whose erythrocytes infected by Plasmodium berghei.Methods : Phytochemical test of the stem of J. multifida to test the flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. The stem extract of J. multifida obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol. Thirty M. musculusequally divided in 6 groups. P0 was the negative control group that was not infected by P berghei. P1was the positive control group that was only infected by P berghei. P2 was a group that was infected with P berghei and chloroquine. P3, P4, and P5 groups were infected by P berghei and treated with stem extract of J multifidain dose of 0.028 g / kgbw, 0.056 g / kgbw and 0.084 g / kgbw, respectively. After 24 hours, the number of erythrocytes was observed using hemocytometer under a microscope at 1000x magnification in which the number of uninfected erythrocytes by P bergheiwas counted.Results :The stem extract of J. multifida at doses of 0.028 g/kgbw, 0.056 g/kgbw and 0.084 g/kgbwwere able to increase the number of P berghei-uninfected erythrocytesan average of 9.135 million cell eritrosit/mm 3 ,7.618 millioncell eritrosit/mm 3 , and 9.856 millioncell eritrosit/mm 3 , respectively. The ability of stem extract of J. multifida in increasing the number of erythrocytes uninfected with P bergheiwas much higher than the malaria drug chloroquine diposphat. On one way ANOVA analysis of F count ( 13,2 )> F table (2.76 ) , with (α= 0.05), there are noticeable differences in the provision of treatment. The increasing number of uninfected erythrocytes by P bergheiwas due to the content of flavanol glycosides in J multifida stem. Flavanolglycosides was expected to form Flavanolglycosidesheme complex that could inhibit the formation of P berghei parasites Hemazoin Conclusion:The stem extract of J. multifidamight be a potential anti-malarial drugs better than chloroquine diposphat based on the increase number of P berghei-uninfected erythrocytes of M. musculus.

Uji Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) Terhadap Waktu Pembekuan Darah Secara In Vitro Menggunakan Metode Lee-White

“…Daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, tannin, dan saponin (Andika et al, 2020). Senyawa metabolit flavonoid yang terkandung pada daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) ini mampu meningkatkan kinerja proses pembekuan darah dengan cara mengumpulkan trombosit hingga meningkatkan jumlah trombosit (Sundaryono, 2011;Faruq, et al, 2018).…”

“…Senyawa fenol yang terkandung dalam daun kirinyuh memiliki kegunaan sebagai antiinflamasi, antimikroba, dan lain sebagainya (Andika et al, 2020). Kemudian senyawa flavonoid juga memiliki kegunaan sebagai antifungal, antimikroba, serta mampu meningkatkan kinerja proses pembekuan darah dengan cara mengumpulkan trombosit hingga meningkatkan jumlah trombosit (Sundaryono, 2011. Faruq et al, 2018.…”