Development of the Spray Drift Task force database for aerial applications

Designing a sprinkler irrigation plant is always associated with a full understanding of the kinematics of droplets during their aerial path. This requires a very complicated modelling of the problem, as many variables affect one another in contributing to the whole process. The literature offers different descriptive methods among which is the ballistic one, to which the authors have recently given a novel contribution, and which is also reported here. In addition to this, the present paper introduces two novel quantum approaches applied to describe droplet kinematics, based on the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and on the Scale Relativity Theory. Such an idea not only completes the classical description with a mean more tightly describing the microscopic phenomenon but also gives a broadly applicable tool to describe the actual kinematics of water droplets in sprinkler irrigation. RÉSUMÉLa conception d'une installation d'irrigation par aspersion est toujours associée à la pleine compréhension de la cinématique des gouttelettes d'eau au cours de leur parcours aérien. La modélisation du problème s'avère très compliquée, car autant de variables s'influencent mutuellement en contribuant à l'ensemble du processus. La littérature propose différentes méthodes descriptives, dont la méthode balistique, à laquelle les auteurs ont récemment donné une nouvelle contribution, qui est également rapportée ici. En plus de cela, le présent document présente deux nouvelles approches de mécanique quantique appliquée pour décrire la cinématique de gouttelettes, sur la base de l'équation de Schrödinger dépendante du temps et de la théorie de la relativité d'échelle. Une telle idée non seulement complète la description classique avec une plus étroite description du phénomène microscopique, mais aussi donne un outil largement applicable pour décrire la cinématique réelle de gouttelettes d'eau dans l'irrigation par aspersion. † La dynamique quantique appliquée aux particules d'eau: un défi pour les systèmes d'irrigation par aspersion. IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE Irrig. and Drain. 62: 156-160 (2013)

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“…Spray drift modelling insights in the classical Lagrangian formulation have been reported in Hewitt et al . () and in Bird et al . ().…”

Section: Water Particle Kinematics: the Newtonian Approachmentioning

confidence: 76%

Water Particle Kinematics Quantum Approach: A Challenge for Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

Wrachien

Lorenzini

Mambretti

2013

Irrigation and Drainage

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“…If residential exposure is associated with a greater distance or with a more complex relationship between distance, active ingredient, application method, and climatic conditions, then a metric relying primarily on a distance of 500 m may not be any more accurate in estimating exposure than a metric based on use in the entire Section. There is a clear need to evaluate other factors known to be associated with pesticide drift, such as wind speed and direction (Hewitt et al 2002), in addition to the metrics we describe here. It is also clear that future research should include environmental and/or biological measurements in conjunction with a mapping study to ascertain which, if any, of these metrics best represent actual exposure to nearby residents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage of the California Pesticide Use Reporting Database with Spatial Land Use Data for Exposure Assessment

Nuckols

Gunier

Riggs

et al. 2007

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundThe State of California maintains a comprehensive Pesticide Use Reporting Database (CPUR). The California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) maps all crops in agricultural counties in California about once every 5 years.ObjectiveWe integrated crop maps with CPUR to more accurately locate where pesticides are applied and evaluated the effects for exposure assessment.MethodsWe mapped 577 residences and used the CPUR and CDWR data to compute two exposure metrics based on putative pesticide use within a 500-m buffer. For the CPUR metric, we assigned pesticide exposure to the residence proportionally for all square-mile Sections that intersected the buffer. For the CDWR metric, we linked CPUR crop-specific pesticide use to crops mapped within the buffer and assigned pesticide exposure. We compared the metrics for six pesticides: simazine, trifluralin (herbicides), dicofol, propargite (insecticides), methyl bromide, and metam sodium (fumigants).ResultsFor all six pesticides we found good agreement (88–98%) as to whether the pesticide use was predicted. When we restricted the analysis to residences with reported pesticide use in Sections within 500 m, agreement was greatly reduced (35–58%). The CPUR metric estimates of pesticide use within 500 m were significantly higher than the CDWR metric for all six pesticides.ConclusionsOur findings may have important implications for exposure classification in epidemiologic studies of agricultural pesticide use using CPUR. There is a need to conduct environmental and biological measurements to ascertain which, if any, of these metrics best represent exposure.

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“…Amphibian dispersal to breeding ponds in spring coincides temporally with application of many preemergent pesticides. Later in the growing season, vegetative canopy cover can reduce ground deposition and downwind exposure from airborne droplets associated with aerially sprayed pesticides, although organisms within 10 m of the spray zone can be subject to substantially higher exposure amounts (Hewitt et al 2002). We used juvenile frogs in this study, which have a smaller surface area than adult frogs.…”

Section: Dermal Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Uptake Across the Amphibian Dermis Through Soil and Overspray Exposures

Meter

Glinski

Henderson

et al. 2015

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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For terrestrial amphibians, accumulation of pesticides through dermal contact is a primary route of exposure in agricultural landscapes and may be contributing to widespread amphibian declines. To show pesticide transfer across the amphibian dermis at permitted label application rates, our study was designed to measure pesticide body burdens after two simulated exposure scenarios. We compared direct exposures, where amphibians were present when spraying occurred, to indirect exposures, where amphibians were exposed to soils after pesticide application. During summer 2012, we reared barking (Hyla gratiosa) and green treefrogs (H. cinerea) through 60-90 days post-metamorphosis at a United States Environmental Protection Agency research laboratory. We tested exposure for 8 h to five pesticide active ingredients (imidacloprid, atrazine, triadimefon, fipronil, or pendimethalin) in glass aquaria lined with soil in the laboratory. We quantified total pesticide body burden and soil concentrations using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. All individuals in both treatments had measurable body burdens at the end of the study. A randomized block design analysis of variance (n = 18) showed that body burdens (p = 0.03) and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) (p = 0.01) were significantly greater in the direct overspray treatment relative to the indirect soil spray treatment for both species and tested pesticides. BCFs ranged from 0.1 to 1.16 and from 0.013 to 0.78 in the direct and indirect treatments, respectively. Our study shows dermal uptake for multiple pesticides from both direct spray and indirect soil exposures and provides empirical support for the degree to which terrestrial phase amphibians have higher body burdens after overspray pesticide exposure.

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Development of the Spray Drift Task force database for aerial applications

Cited by 106 publications

References 26 publications

Water Particle Kinematics Quantum Approach: A Challenge for Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

Water Particle Kinematics Quantum Approach: A Challenge for Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

Linkage of the California Pesticide Use Reporting Database with Spatial Land Use Data for Exposure Assessment

Pesticide Uptake Across the Amphibian Dermis Through Soil and Overspray Exposures

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