Development of the Morphology during Functional Stack Build-up of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Inverted Geometry

Wang, Weijia; Pröller, Stephan; Niedermeier, Martin A.; Körstgens, Volker; Philipp, Martine; Su, Bo; González, Daniel Moseguí; Yu, Shun; Roth, Stephan V.; Müller‐Buschbaum, Peter

doi:10.1021/am5067749

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…The PCE values of the pristine solar cells are only moderate as compared to what have been reported in the literature in terms of P3HT:PCBM solar cells. 42,43 However, the focus of the present investigation was on the degradation, which is a relative loss in device performance.…”

Section: Solar Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of morphological degradation of P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction films exposed to long-term host solvent vapor

et al. 2016

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Section: Solar Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of morphological degradation of P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction films exposed to long-term host solvent vapor

et al. 2016

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“…However, the obtained information is mainly restricted to surface structures. Some experimental findings have shown that significant differences exist between surface and inner morphology . Since the dissociation of excitons can only take place at the donor–acceptor interface and the sample surface is limited compared to the whole sample bulk, the inner morphology mainly determines the charge carrier generation and transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Solvent Additive 1,8‐Octanedithiol on P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells

Wang

Song

Magerl

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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Processing solvent additives in polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction systems are known as a promising method to enhance photovoltaic performance. It is generally agreed that solvent additives enable polymers to have a high degree of molecular order which increases the device performance. However, the understanding of the efficiency enhancement is not complete. There is a lack of insight regarding the quantitative determination of the molecular miscibility between polymer and fullerene as well as the inner morphology changes induced by the additives. In this work, understanding of the influence of the solvent additive 1,8-octanedithiol (ODT) is provided on the classic system poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) films. The impact on polymer crystallinity, surface structure, inner morphology, and quantitative molecular miscibility of P3HT and PCBM is studied as a function of ODT volume concentration. The crystallinity is probed with absorption spectroscopy and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The morphology and miscibility are characterized via atomic force microscopy and time-of-flight grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering. Besides an increased crystallinity and prominent phase separation, ODT increases the solubility of PCBM in P3HT and reduces the size of amorphous P3HT domains. Moreover, solvent processing with a high ODT concentration alters the vertical material composition of the active layer.

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“…Within this active layer, the light is absorbed and an exciton produced. [ 15,16 ] However, the possibility to control the morphology in active layers is a key to improve organic solar cell performance. [ 7,8 ] Subsequently, the separated charge carriers are transported to the respective electrodes, hence the need of cocontinuous percolated pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Following the Morphology Formation In Situ in Printed Active Layers for Organic Solar Cells

Pröller

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

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The device performance of organic polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells strongly depends on the interpenetrating network of the involved donor and acceptor materials in the active layer. Since morphology formation depends on the conditions of film preparation, the final morphology varies for different deposition methods. In order to understand and optimize industrial coating processes and, therefore, the performance of the solar cells produced, a deeper understanding of structure formation is important. In situ measurements of slot‐die printed polymer:fullerene active layers are presented that reveal insights into the evolution of the structure. Polymer crystallization and ordering is monitored by in situ grazing incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS), and in situ grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS). The development of the morphology exhibits five stages independent of the drying conditions. Two growth rates are observed, an initial slow formation of poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) crystallites in well‐aligned edge‐on orientation followed by a rapid crystal growth. By combining the GIWAXS and GISAXS measurements, a five‐stage growth and assembly process is found and described in detail along with a proposed model of the structural evolution. The findings are an important step in tailoring the assembly process.

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Development of the Morphology during Functional Stack Build-up of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Inverted Geometry

Cited by 25 publications

References 60 publications

Investigation of morphological degradation of P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction films exposed to long-term host solvent vapor

Investigation of morphological degradation of P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction films exposed to long-term host solvent vapor

Influence of Solvent Additive 1,8‐Octanedithiol on P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells

Following the Morphology Formation In Situ in Printed Active Layers for Organic Solar Cells

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