Development of the gametophytes, flower, and floral vasculature in Cochliostema odoratissimum (Commelinaceae)

Hardy, Christopher R.; Stevenson, Dennis Wm.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2000.tb02348.x

Cited by 21 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Later in development this asymmetry is equalized and the anthetic flowers are monosymmetric or polysymmetric. Such transient slight early asymmetry was observed in Tradescantia (Commelinaceae) (personal observation; Hardy & Stevenson, 2000b).…”

Section: Transient Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In Commelinaceae many genera have monosymmetric flowers, often with heteranthery involved (e.g., Aëtheolirion, Tinantia, Floscopa, Polyspatha, Aneilema, Rhopalephora, Commelina) (Faden, 1998). In Plowmanianthus the lower three stamens are strongly reduced (Hardy & Faden, 2004;Hardy et al, 2004). In Dichorisandra the stamens are sigmoidally curved (Hardy et al, 2000).…”

Section: Aquifolialesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Plowmanianthus the lower three stamens are strongly reduced (Hardy & Faden, 2004;Hardy et al, 2004). In Dichorisandra the stamens are sigmoidally curved (Hardy et al, 2000). In Tapheocarpa, one of the three carpels is sterile (Faden, 1998).…”

Section: Aquifolialesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vertebrates the organisational internal asymmetry is not conspicuous externally; however, some specialized groups also have an external non-enantiomorphic asymmetry, such as snail-eating snakes with asymmetric jaws (Hoso et al, 2007). If enantiomorphic flowers occur on one individual, they are often components of a system with pendulum symmetry (Goebel, 1908;Endress, 1999;Kirchoff, 2003;Hardy et al, 2004).…”

Section: Diverse Manifestations Of Asymmetry In Flowersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in Commelinaceae there is a cochlear aestivation in both perianth whorls (Hardy et al, 2000;Hardy et al, 2004). As imbricate aestivation of sepals and petals is the most common aestivation type in angiosperms, it is diffcult to record all these taxa.…”

Section: Diverse Manifestations Of Asymmetry In Flowersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Immense Diversity of Floral Monosymmetry and Asymmetry Across Angiosperms

Endress

2012

Bot. Rev.

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Floral monosymmetry and asymmetry are traced through the angiosperm orders and families. Both are diverse and widespread in angiosperms. The systematic distribution of the different forms of monosymmetry and asymmetry indicates that both evolved numerous times. Elaborate forms occur in highly synorganized flowers. Less elaborate forms occur by curvature of organs and by simplicity with minimal organ numbers. Elaborate forms of asymmetry evolved from elaborate monosymmetry. Less elaborate form come about by curvature or torsion of organs, by imbricate aestivation of perianth organs, or also by simplicity. Floral monosymmetry appears to be a key innovation in some groups (e.g., Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiales), but not in others. Floral asymmetry appears as a key innovation in Phaseoleae (Fabaceae). Simple patterns of monosymmetry appear easily "reverted" to polysymmetry, whereas elaborate monosymmetry is difficult to lose without disruption of floral function (e.g., Orchidaceae). Monosymmetry and asymmetry can be expressed at different stages of floral (and fruit) development and may be transient in some taxa. The two symmetries are most common in bee-pollinated flowers, and appear to be especially prone to develop in some specialized biological situations: monosymmetry, e.g., with buzz-pollinated flowers or with oil flowers, and asymmetry also with buzz-pollinated flowers, both based on the particular collection mechanisms by the pollinating bees. Floral monosymmetry has developed into a model trait in evo-devo studies, whereas floral asymmetry to date has not been tackled in molecular genetic studies.

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Section: Transient Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 69%