Development of the Architectural Styles of the Reformation Era in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

The beginning of the reformation era was the post-New Order era marked by the resignation of President Soeharto in 1998, and the process is still ongoing. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in the development of architectural styles in Makassar, outlined in the form of a timeline for the development of architectural styles in the era. The used research method was the historical-diachronic analysis with data collection techniques through exploration on the internet using google maps, interviews, observations, and documents. The research population was phenomenal buildings in Makassar. Phenomenal means the amount was large/the shapes were prominent/it had a certain style/it had a political background in its emergence. The sampling technique used criterion-purposive-snowball sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed and interpreted descriptively. The assessment of validity and reliability of the data were done through the triangulation of qualitative data collection techniques. This research found that there were diverse architectural styles that developed in the reform era in Makassar, namely: No Style, My Style, Classic, Modern, Minimalist, Perforated Skin, Double Skin, Corporation, Iconic, Container Box, Colonial, Postmodern, and Tropical. The background of the emergence of these styles was influenced by various external factors: globalization, local strongmen, local/national/international corporations, local iconic interpretation, decentralization, industry, and the availability of materials and experts, local and national government, political, economic, social and cultural dynamics. Furthermore, there were also internal factors that influence the styles, namely the taste of the architects, and the taste as well as economic capabilities of the users/owners.