Development of Superior Plantation Commodities Based on Sustainable Development

Abstract

Riau is an Indonesian province known for its large plantations. The plantation business makes the most significant contribution to the fiscal revenues of the province. This paper aims to innovate rural economy through the sustainable development of superior commodities in the plantation sub-sector of agriculture. Specifically, multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was performed to determine the superior commodities in each locality. The results show that the superior commodities include palm oil, rubber, coconut, cocoa, coffee, and sago. The development of these commodities could boost farmers’ income with the added value of planation products. On this basis, the fair use of land for all categories was highlighted from social, economic, and environmental perspectives, and recognized as essential to the development of sustainable plantations, which are integral to rural economy and land sustainability. The proposed development strategy for superior commodities in plantation is in line with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Riau Province, Indonesia.

Sustainability of the Cocoa Industry: Cocoa Waste Mucilage Use to Produce Fermented Beverages. Case Study in Los Ríos Province

“…A density of 0.980 g/cm 3 was obtained at a mucilage concentration of 15% and 0.988 g/cm 3 at a mucilage concentration of 10%. These values are related to the results obtained by (Garcí a et al, 2016), in producing a young borojó fruit wine, with a density of 1,033 g/cm 3 .…”

“…Cocoa final products are mainly chocolates and other items such as toppings, candies, chocolate bars of bitter, milk, white, fruit, nuts, or bonbons [1]. Other components of cocoa are yeasts, lactic acid and acetic acid bacteria involved in cocoa fermentation [2,3].…”

The Capability of the Meranti Islands Regency Government in the Development of Sago Based on Local Wisdom

“…The sago management model that the government needs to develop must increase farmers' income through downstream, labor absorption, and land adjustment [4]. To achieve this process, the government can play a role in policy and pricing, industrial investment, land selection [5], and supervising sago management [11,25]. Currently, various obstacles in adopting sago as a locally based food that supports food security are due to the lifestyle and habits of people accustomed to consuming rice as a staple food [9].…”

“…Although there are still obstacles, empowerment based on local wisdom is continuous [32,33]. Various studies [8,11,20] have explained that utilizing the potential of land availability, expanding network and market absorption, forming capital cooperation, adopting technology, optimizing income and community awareness, and improving the quality of talented human resources in agriculture will be able to provide a contribution to the existence of local wisdom in the field of food development activities. Thus, the government's ability to identify the potential for sago development based on local wisdom is highly dependent on internal conditions in an area [1,26].…”

“…This is supported because 70.91 ha of available and uncultivated areas still exist in the Meranti Islands Regency [4]. Then various studies explain that sago commodities also have multifunctional benefits that can support food security [11], support the community's economy [10], absorb labor [12], maintain health [5,11], maintain environmental balance [1,2], alternative food to replace rice [9,12,13], and can be an alternative future export commodity for Indonesia [4]. However, even though it has promising potential and prospects, of course, the sustainable development of sago in the Meranti Islands Regency requires the ability and assistance from the central and regional governments in the form of policies such as involving all relevant stakeholders, both from the government, academia, entrepreneurs, producers, institutions finance, as well as Non-Governmental Organizations [9].…”