Development of smoking by birth cohort in the adult population in eastern Finland 1972-97

Abstract

Objective-To analyse the dynamics of smoking prevalence, initiation, and cessation in relation to sex, age, birth cohort, study year, and educational level. Results-Among men the prevalence of smoking decreased over time, but the cohort eVect observed in smoking initiation was obscured by the changes in smoking cessation. DiVerences between the educational categories were small. Among women the prevalence of smoking increased during the study period. This was mainly caused by the less highly educated, in whom smoking initiation clearly increased in successive birth cohorts, but a more moderate cohort eVect was also present among the more highly educated women. Conclusions-In men decreased initiation and increased cessation contributed to the downward trend in smoking prevalence, whereas among women, changes in smoking were mostly caused by augmented initiation in successive birth cohorts. During the study period educational inequalities in smoking widened, as the less highly educated came increasingly to form the smoking population. (Tobacco Control 1999;8:161-168)

Cohort trends in prevalence and spousal concordance for smoking

“…This is consistent with Lopez and colleagues cigarette epidemic model, in which from stage II to stage III, male smoking prevalence first increases then declines, but female smoking prevalence keeps rising until reaching a plateau. Similar trends were found in population-based epidemiological surveys of smoking in Finland and Australia (Laaksonen et al, 1999;White et al, 2003). The Smoking and Health Survey in Australia reported that smoking prevalence in males was 40% in 1980 and only 25% in 2001, while female smoking prevalence was 30% in 1980 and 21% in 2001 (Laaksonen et al, 1999;White et al, 2003).…”

“…Similar trends were found in population-based epidemiological surveys of smoking in Finland and Australia (Laaksonen et al, 1999;White et al, 2003). The Smoking and Health Survey in Australia reported that smoking prevalence in males was 40% in 1980 and only 25% in 2001, while female smoking prevalence was 30% in 1980 and 21% in 2001 (Laaksonen et al, 1999;White et al, 2003). If stratified by age, this secular trend still holds.…”

“…Overall smoking rates have decreased in many developed countries in recent years (Bray et al, 2004), which may be partially attributed to the implementation of tobacco control strategies (White et al, 2003). However, several studies in Europe have found that male smoking prevalence decreases across successive birth cohorts, while the female prevalence increases (Osler et al, 1998;Laaksonen et al, 1999;Kemm, 2001;Fernandez et al, 2003).…”

“…Considering the significantly different phases of the cigarette epidemic across time span, few previous studies have attempted to examine changes in smoking prevalence using data collected across wide range of birth cohorts. Studies to date include those from Great Britain (birth cohort (Kemm, 2001), Finland (birth cohort 1913Finland (birth cohort -1972 (Laaksonen et al, 1999), Denmark (aged from 30 to more than 70 years old) (Osler et al, 1998), and Canada (birth cohort 1940-1975 (Birkett, 1997). Trends are not consistent across countries for smoking prevalence in males and females.…”

Gender, education and Russia’s tobacco epidemic: A life-course approach

“…In addition to current smoking status and consumption intensity, many surveys routinely collect retrospective information on age at smoking initiation as well as former smoking status and age at (or time elapsed since) smoking cessation. We follow the substantial literature which uses such retrospective smoking data to reconstruct smoking prevalence rates and analyse smoking patterns (i) across the life-course and over successive cohorts (Kemm, 2001;Kenkel, Lillard, & Liu, 2009;Kenkel, Lillard, & Mathios, 2003b;Laaksonen et al, 1999;Lillard & Christopoulou, 2015), and (ii) with respect to educational gradients (Christopoulou, Lillard, & de la Miyar, 2013;Federico, Costa, & Kunst, 2007;Pampel, 2005;Pampel et al, 2015).…”