Gender, education and Russia’s tobacco epidemic: A life-course approach

Quirmbach, Diana; Gerry, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.05.008

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…The proportion of males among the smokers was greater (57.5 vs. 42.5% among females; < 0.05). Frequency of smoking and other risk factors in the study population were the same as in the general Russian population [4]. The levels of both systolic and diastolic BP and the overweight rate were slightly higher in smokers, but these differences were not statistically significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…However, at the same time, e-cigarettes have been becoming more popular. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey that took place in 2016 showed that 91.2% of Russians aged 15-24 years were aware of e-cigarettes and 9.7% used them regularly [4]. The operating principle of e-cigarettes (electronic cigarette or vape) is based on the production of aerosol by heating of the solution, which the vaper inhales [2,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relation between Tobacco Smoking/Electronic Smoking and Albuminuria/Vascular Stiffness in Young People without Cardiovascular Diseases

Подзолков

Брагина

Дружинина

et al. 2020

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Introduction/Objective: Tobacco smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. In recent years, alternative types of smoking, including vaping, have been becoming popular. The contribution of vape to vascular and renal injury is not known. We studied the relation between smoking of traditional/electronic cigarettes and arterial stiffness and albuminuria, which is also a vascular dysfunction marker. Methods: We examined 270 young volunteers without significant clinical cardiovascular diseases (mean age: 21.2 ± 2.3 years). Twenty-seven percent of the subjects in the study group were smokers; 69.9% of them smoked traditional cigarettes and 30.1% smoked electronic cigarettes. The urine albumin level was assessed by a dipstick test, and the augmentation index was determined by photoplethysmography. A linear correlation test and multiple regression analysis were applied. Results: The study groups did not differ in basic characteristics. The smokers demonstrated generally higher blood pressure levels and were overweight. Most of the smokers were male. In the groups of smokers, albuminuria was more frequent, especially among vapers (94 vs. 79% in tobacco smokers and 29% in nonsmokers). AU values (median [quartile 25; quartile 75]) were significantly higher in vapers (160 mg/L [150; 207.5]) vs. tobacco smokers (115 mg/L [60; 200]) and vs. nonsmokers (20 mg/L [10; 50]) (р < 0.05). Photoplethysmographic results showed relevant higher augmentation indices among tobacco smokers (-4, [-6.6; -1.9]) and vapers (-5.05 [-13.4; -3.3]) compared to nonsmokers (-16.2 [-23.9; -7]) (р < 0.05). Results of multiple regres-sion analysis demonstrate that smoking of both traditional and electronic cigarettes is related to an increase in the albuminuria level and the augmentation index. Conclusions: Smoking of both traditional and electronic cigarettes is related to albuminuria and an increase in the augmentation index, which is a noninvasive marker for arterial stiffness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Tobacco Smoking/Electronic Smoking and Albuminuria/Vascular Stiffness in Young People without Cardiovascular Diseases

Подзолков

Брагина

Дружинина

et al. 2020

Kidney Blood Press Res

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“…A review of studies estimating price elasticity for tobacco has shown there is a diversity of evidence reflecting whether the elasticity is higher [9] or lower in developing countries [10,11] compared to developed countries. This contrast supports the view that price elasticity may be country specific e.g., due to the market structure, patterns of consumption, and government role and associated policies [12][13][14][15][16]. For instance, some authors of studies in developing countries, Kenkel et al [17], Lance et al [18], and Liu et al [10] find weak evidence of tax or price effect on tobacco demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Analysis of Tobacco Price Elasticity in Albania Using Household Level Data

Gjika

Zhllima

Rama

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This paper analyzes the determinant factors of tobacco consumption in Albania, which is one of the countries with the highest smoking prevalence in Europe. To empirically estimate the elasticity of cigarettes demand in Albania, the paper uses the Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) applying Deaton’s (1988) demand model. This paper estimates an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), which allows disentangling quality choice from exogenous price variations using unit values from cigarette consumption. Following Deaton’s model, the results suggest that the demand for tobacco is inelastic, with a price elasticity of −0.57. The price elasticity appears to be within the range of elasticity estimates frequently reported for low- and middle-income countries. The results suggest that total expenditure, household size, male-to-female ratio, and adult ratio are important determinants of tobacco demand in Albania. The increase in the tobacco price, which has been mainly driven by increased excises, has demonstrated a significant impact on reducing tobacco consumption. Consequently, the Albanian government may engage in gradual increases in excise taxes given the inelastic tobacco demand.

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“…Из утверждения К. Герри и Д. Квирмбах (2016) следует, что, если раньше моду на женское курение перенимали представители слоев высокого социально-экономического статуса, то сейчас тенденция поменялась: молодые мужчины и женщины с низким уровнем образования курят в 2-3 раза больше, чем их сверстники с высшим образованием, при этом доля курильщиков продолжает расти среди молодых женщин и молодых мужчин с низким уровнем образования, несмотря на общую тенденцию к уменьшению количества курящих мужчин [14].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Gender Specifics of the Attitudes Toward Tobacco Smoking in Various Educational Levels and Family Status Among Economically Active Men and Women in Tyumen City

Гакова¹,

Акимов²,

Каюмова³

et al. 2017

Kardiovask. ter. profil.

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Aim. To assess the attitudes toward smoking in economically active men and women in Tyumen city within various education and family status. Material and methods. A singlepoint epidemiological study conducted, under the cardiological screening of open city population aged 2564 y. o., males 850 (respond 85,0%), females 704 (respond 70,4%). The attitudes toward smoking were assessed by the coverage method of selfcompletion of the WHO questionnaire "Knowledge and attitude of the one's health" with the preformulated points. Social status was assessed by educational level-elementary, general, graduate, and family status-with or none partner. Statistics was done with the software SPSS (11.5), Statistica 7.0 and Microsoft Excel. Values of p<0,05 were taken as significant. Results. The prevalence of smoking was higher in women having partner-17,0%, and in men with no partner-63,4%. Men with general education and partner significantly more frequently quit smoking than single men-23,7% and 13,6% (p<0,05; χ 2 =4,28, df=1, p=0,04). Same tendency was found in graduate women (p=0,07). Men with partner and general education significantly more commonly did not smoke during the year (p<0,05), and such tendency was found in graduate men. In women with general education and partner, during the year, less number smoked (p=0,08), χ 2 =2,91, df=1), but the intensity of smoking decreased (p=0,02, χ 2 =4,93, df=1) compared to single females. Conclusion. By the data from open city population, there are significant differences in attitudes of men and women toward tobacco smoking; there are different vectors of smoking tendency in relation with family status and education level.

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Gender, education and Russia’s tobacco epidemic: A life-course approach

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Relation between Tobacco Smoking/Electronic Smoking and Albuminuria/Vascular Stiffness in Young People without Cardiovascular Diseases

Relation between Tobacco Smoking/Electronic Smoking and Albuminuria/Vascular Stiffness in Young People without Cardiovascular Diseases

Analysis of Tobacco Price Elasticity in Albania Using Household Level Data

Gender Specifics of the Attitudes Toward Tobacco Smoking in Various Educational Levels and Family Status Among Economically Active Men and Women in Tyumen City

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