Development of regenerated fiber Bragg grating sensors with long-term stability

Çelikin, Mert; Barba, David; Bastola, Binod; Ruediger, Andréas; Rosei, Federico

doi:10.1364/oe.24.021897

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Generally, the fabrication process of RFBGs consists of thermal treatment of the seed gratings for several hours at temperatures in the range of about 800 • C to 1100 • C. This process can be performed either with linearly or gradually increasing temperatures [6,7,24] or under isothermal conditions [12,15,25]. For regeneration of the seed grating sensor arrays, an isothermal scheme at 800 • C for several hours was used here.…”

Section: Regeneration Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-Optic Multipoint Sensor System with Low Drift for the Long-Term Monitoring of High-Temperature Distributions in Chemical Reactors

Dutz

Heinrich²,

Bank³

et al. 2019

Sensors

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A low-drift fiber-optic sensor system, consisting of 24 regenerated fiber Bragg gratings (RFBG), equally distributed over a length of 2.3 m, is presented here. The sensor system can monitor spatially extended temperature profiles with a time resolution of 1 Hz at temperatures of up to 500 • C. The system is intended to be used in chemical reactors for both the control of the production ramp-up, where a fast time response is needed, as well as for production surveillance, where low sensor drifts over several years are required. The fiber-optic sensor system was installed in a pilot test reactor and was exposed to a constant temperature profile, with temperatures in the range of 150-500 • C for more than two years. During this period, the temperature profile was measured every three to five months and the fiber-optic temperature data were compared with data from a three-point thermocouple array and a calibrated single-point thermocouple. A very good agreement between all temperature measurements was found. The drift rates of the 24 RFBG sensor elements were determined by comparing the Bragg wavelengths at a precisely defined reference temperature near room temperature before and after the two-year deployment. They were found to be in the range of 0.0 K/a to 2.3 K/a, with an average value of 1.0 K/a. These low drift rates were achieved by a dedicated temperature treatment of the RFBGs during fabrication. Here, the demonstrated robustness, accuracy, and low drift characteristics show the potential of fiber-optic sensors for future industrial applications. gratings strongly decay at high temperatures [1,2]. Amongst others, type II FBGs inscribed with femtosecond (fs) lasers [3][4][5] and regenerated FBGs (RFBGs) [6][7][8] have been reported to be suitable for temperatures up to 1200 • C. Most often, type II FBGs are inscribed with high-intensity femtosecond laser beams by phase masks (type II-PM) [3,9] or by a point-by-point (type II-PbP) [10] technique, and their main features are a high grating reflectivity, inherent temperature stability, and high initial tensile strength. The disadvantages of type II FBGs arise from their polarization sensitivity [10,11] and strong cladding mode coupling [5,10], which can limit their multiplexing capabilities. Type II-PbP gratings show significant wavelength drift when exposed to high temperatures [12,13]. For type II-PM FBGs, a stabilization of the wavelength drift after an annealing procedure of 100 h at 1000 • C has been reported [14]. Due to temperature treatments, a thermal-induced glass corrosion and thus a reduction of the tensile strength has to be taken into account.Regenerated fiber Bragg gratings (RFBGs) emerge from type I gratings in H 2 -loaded fibers after an annealing process at temperatures in the range of 800 • C to 1100 • C [7,15]. Their uniform spectral line shapes and the lack of cladding mode coupling make RFBGs perfectly suited for multiplexing applications. When compared to type II FBGs, RFBGs typically exhibit lower values of grating reflectivity. However, ...

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Section: Regeneration Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-Optic Multipoint Sensor System with Low Drift for the Long-Term Monitoring of High-Temperature Distributions in Chemical Reactors

Dutz

Heinrich²,

Bank³

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…The regeneration is not well understood if it is a physical or chemical phenomenon. A collaboration with a university team (INRS-EMT) is addressing this issue [2].…”

Section: Iia Fiber Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature optical fiber sensor for atmospheric reentry

Haddad

Kruzelecky

Tagziria

et al. 2017

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2016

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SUMMARYAtmospheric reentry transition is produced at hypersonic velocity and is accompanied by a sharp excessive heat load for a few minutes, on the exposed materials, leading to a temperature increase of more than 1000°C.MPBC developed optical fiber sensors for such temperatures with special packaging optimizing between protective capability and fast thermal conductivity. The fiber sensors were calibrated with thermocouples first using standard oven, then with stationary plasma at Von Karman Institute (Belgium) followed by a test within a wind tunnel (1000°C, 8 Mach number) at DLR-Cologne.To well monitor the fast heat fluxes in reentry a special ruggedized interrogation module (Interrogator) was developed with a data acquisition at 100 Hz., with a large memory capacity to save data during 1 hour, and a USB memory stick as back up. The Interrogator was validated for vacuum, thermal cycling and vibrations.The sensors are based on Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs). These gratings undergo a decay and regeneration process the first time brought to temperature > 750°C. The regeneration is not a well understood phenomenon and if it is of physical or chemical origin. This is still an open question, addressed by different international teams. MPBC is collaborating with a university team (INRS-EMT), to understand the regeneration process.Four lines of fibers with 6 FBG sensors on each line were integrated in ROTEX-T rocket, built by DLR, launched in August 2016. During the rollout to the launch stage, the passive fiber used as extension between the sensors and Interrogator, broke inside the engine. The sensors could not record any temperature, however the interrogator itself worked normally and the telemetry data was received as designed. The ROTEX-T payload part including the Interrogator, impacted the ground with a velocity of about 95 m/s. The housing of interrogator and memory stick box was nearly completely undamaged. All four fiber optic connectors were still attached. The internal memory card was removed and was completely undamaged. The card was still working normally and the flight data files were downloaded.

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“…Grating based sensors that operate at higher temperatures are an area of active research. One approach is to anneal a conventional FBG in a doped-silica single-mode fiber (SMF) to form what is known as a regenerated FBG [4][5][6][7]. These gratings have been demonstrated to survive at temperatures up to 1295°C [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Grating-Based Optical Fiber Sensors at High Temperature

et al. 2019

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Development of regenerated fiber Bragg grating sensors with long-term stability

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Fiber-Optic Multipoint Sensor System with Low Drift for the Long-Term Monitoring of High-Temperature Distributions in Chemical Reactors

Fiber-Optic Multipoint Sensor System with Low Drift for the Long-Term Monitoring of High-Temperature Distributions in Chemical Reactors

High temperature optical fiber sensor for atmospheric reentry

Stability of Grating-Based Optical Fiber Sensors at High Temperature

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