Development of Recycled Polypropylene Matrix Composites Reinforced with Fly Ash

Das, Kuheli; Ray, Dipa; Adhikary, Kuntal; Bandyopadhyay, Nil Ratan; Mohanty, Amar K.; Misra, Manjusri

doi:10.1177/0731684408099415

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As discussed earlier, the presence of the coupling agent influenced the interfacial bonding and the mechanical properties of the composites. The use of the conventional silane coupling agent in the FA/R matrix was studied earlier, where it was reported that a 6 wt % Dynasylan VTMO‐treated composite showed increases of 4 and 15% in the flexural strength and modulus, respectively, in comparison with the untreated ones . When compared with silane coupling agents, these long‐chain fatty acids, that is, stearic, palmitic, and ester FP, LA has been found to render efficient coupling action at a lower percentage that is, at 2 wt %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Das et al reported the use of R through the formation of composites with a 50 wt % loading of FA with vinyl trimethoxyl silane (VTMO) and maleated PP (Epolene G3003) coupling agents. The mechanical properties and thermal stability were found to be much higher in the VTMO‐treated composites compared to the untreated ones because of enhanced interaction at the filler–matrix interface in the presence of VTMO . Stearic acid (SA) has been used as a surface modifier for fillers such as nano‐alumina in ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites, for a calcium carbonate nanoparticle coating in a PP matrix, and for the surface coating of FAs in PP/ethylene vinyl acetate/high density polyethylene composites …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lauric acid coated fly ash as a reinforcement in recycled polymer matrix composites

Sengupta

Ray

Mukhopadhyay

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Sustainable composites were developed from fly ash (FA) and recycled polypropylene (R) with lauric acid (LA) as the coupling agent. The FA particles were surface-coated with 1, 2, 3, and 5 wt % LA, and the coating on the FA particles was verified by transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. R and LA-coated FA particles were melt-mixed in a 1:1 weight ratio to achieve a high-filler-loaded composite. The flexural, impact, nanoindentation, and fracture surface analyses were carried out to examine the properties of the composites. The flexural strength and modulus values increased in the 2 wt % LA-coated FA/R composites by 6 and 50%, respectively, compared to the values of the uncoated FA/R composites, whereas the impact strength increased considerably by 119% in the 1 wt % LA-coated composites. Nanoindentation tests also showed an increase in the mechanical properties in the case of the 1 and 2 wt % LA-coated composites in comparison to the uncoated ones. Fracture surface studies done by scanning electron microscopy revealed improved interfacial interactions between the filler and matrix in the presence of the LA coupling agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicated reorientations of the polymer chains in the presence of different concentrations of the LA coupling agent; this resulted into different crystallinities and crystallite sizes. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a significant difference in the crystalline peaks of the composites, and this corroborated well with the XRD observations. LA, thus, significantly influenced the structural properties of the composites, and this, in turn, influenced their mechanical and thermal properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lauric acid coated fly ash as a reinforcement in recycled polymer matrix composites

Sengupta

Ray

Mukhopadhyay

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…A remarkable result is the value obtained for maximum strength regarding M2 sample, that results + 36% higher than the one of pure PP. Other researchers observed an improvement of flexural strength in PP as a function of fly ash (coal fly ash) addition with a maximum improvement of about + 20% at 30 wt % filler content …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Processing and properties of polypropylene‐based composites containing inertized fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration

Besco

Brisotto

Gianoncelli

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article reports for the first time the results about the use of inertized fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration as a filler for polypropylene (PP). An innovative process based on the stabilization with colloidal silica has been used for fly ash inertization. Polymer-filler composites containing different filler amounts up to 30 wt % have then been formulated and prepared by means of melt compounding process. Structural, morphological, mechanical, and thermal characterization of their properties has been performed and discussed in detail. Remarkable enhancements of tensile (1 93%) and flexural (1 107%) elastic moduli if compared to pristine PP, together with enhancements of flexural resistance (1 36%) and deflection temperature under load (1 50%), have been observed when adding filler 30 wt % in suitable processing conditions. Moreover the filler has been shown to interact with polymer crystalline structure and positively influence the thermal-oxidative stability. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4157-4164, 2013

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“…6 Searching for an improvement in another study, K. Das et al tested two different types of commercial CAs for post-consumer PP reinforced with fly-ash (Si oxide based byproduct from thermal power plants); they obtained 15% in modulus and 9.5% in strength increments with a silane based coupling agent (Dynasylan VTMO); they reported the benefit of the chemical interaction between the Si oxide based filler and the silane coupling agent. 7 Regarding ecological fillers, due to their useful characteristics, discarded natural fibers 8 have been used in different fields of polymeric materials as reinforcing agents for decades. [9][10][11][12][13][14] However, the lack of interaction between hydrophobic polymers and cellulosic fibers makes fiber dispersion difficult during the mixing process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multirole of Modified Natural Gums for Multicomponent Polymers: As Coupling Agents for Polymers Reinforced With Cellulosic Fibers or Compatibilizers for Biodegradable Polymer Blends

Inga-Lafebre¹,

Pulido-González²,

González‐Núñez³

et al. 2019

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In this work, the capability to use pine rosin as a biodegradable coupling agent/compatibilizer is studied. To formulate composites, post-consumer polypropylene and discarded agave fibers (as reinforcing agent) are coupled with pine rosin (in pure or maleated form). Besides, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are compatibilized with maleated pine rosins to prepare biodegradable blends. For the coupling agent role, the pure or maleated rosin (Amberyl M-15A) are compared with a commercial polyolefin coupling agent (Epolene E-43), while for the blends, two maleated rosins (Amberyls M-15A and MP-30) are used as compatibilizers. Dynamic and static mechanical tests show considerable increments in moduli and strength for both types of polymeric materials surpassing the role of the Epolene E-43 for the composite materials (v.g. 45.2 vs 16.5 increment in storage modulus, or 61.5 vs 40.3 for Young's modulus in specific tests). Scanning electron microscopy photographs clearly show the interfacial interaction effect within composites and polymer blends. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy allowed the observation of the aforementioned interactions at bond level. Blends biodegradation performed by composting for 3 months exceeded 76% of weight loss. The multirole of modified natural maleated gums as coupling agents/compatibilizers is demonstrated.

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Development of Recycled Polypropylene Matrix Composites Reinforced with Fly Ash

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Lauric acid coated fly ash as a reinforcement in recycled polymer matrix composites

Lauric acid coated fly ash as a reinforcement in recycled polymer matrix composites

Processing and properties of polypropylene‐based composites containing inertized fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration

The Multirole of Modified Natural Gums for Multicomponent Polymers: As Coupling Agents for Polymers Reinforced With Cellulosic Fibers or Compatibilizers for Biodegradable Polymer Blends

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