Development of Pyrazole Compounds as Antidiabetic Agent: A Review

Styrylpyrazoles: Properties, Synthesis and Transformations

“…Three partially reduced forms may also exist: 1-pyrazolines 2, 2-pyrazolines 3 and 3-pyrazolines 4, and a fully reduced form known as pyrazolidine 5 (Figure 1) [1,2]. Pyrazole and its derivatives occupy a prime place in medicinal chemistry because they are present in several drugs with real medicinal applications, such as celecoxib (Celebrex ® ), sildenafil (Viagra ® ), rimonabant, lonazolac, fomepizole, penthiopyrad, doramapimod, sulfaphenazole and in several remarkable compounds with a wide range of pharmacological activities, namely anticancer [3], analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant [4][5][6][7], antibacterial and antifungal [8,9] antipyretic, antidepressant and anticonvulsant [10,11], antidiabetic [12] and cannabinoid activities [13,14], among Pyrazole and its derivatives occupy a prime place in medicinal chemistry because they are present in several drugs with real medicinal applications, such as celecoxib (Celebrex ® ), sildenafil (Viagra ® ), rimonabant, lonazolac, fomepizole, penthiopyrad, doramapimod, sulfaphenazole and in several remarkable compounds with a wide range of pharmacological activities, namely anticancer [3], analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant [4][5][6][7], antibacterial and antifungal [8,9] antipyretic, antidepressant and anticonvulsant [10,11], antidiabetic [12] and cannabinoid activities [13,14], among others [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Along with the medicinal applications, pyrazoles are also useful as agrochemicals, such as herbicides, others [15]…”

“…Pyrazole and its derivatives occupy a prime place in medicinal chemistry because they are present in several drugs with real medicinal applications, such as celecoxib (Celebrex ® ), sildenafil (Viagra ® ), rimonabant, lonazolac, fomepizole, penthiopyrad, doramapimod, sulfaphenazole and in several remarkable compounds with a wide range of pharmacological activities, namely anticancer [ 3 ], analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], antibacterial and antifungal [ 8 , 9 ] antipyretic, antidepressant and anticonvulsant [ 10 , 11 ], antidiabetic [ 12 ] and cannabinoid activities [ 13 , 14 ], among others [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Along with the medicinal applications, pyrazoles are also useful as agrochemicals, such as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides [ 22 ] and possess other applications, such as dyestuffs, sunscreen materials [ 23 , 24 ], analytical reagents and pluripotent ligands in coordination chemistry [ 25 , 26 ].…”

A Serendipitous Synthesis: SiO2‐HNO3 Mediated Oxidative Aromatization and Regioselective Nitration of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted‐4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐Pyrazoles

“…The attractiveness of pyrazoles and their derivatives is the versatility that allows the synthesis of a series of analogues with different moieties in them. In medicines, pyrazole is found as a pharmacophores in some bioactive molecules and play a role as antimalarial, anticancer, apoptosis inducer, antimicrobial, analgesic, antidiabetic, anticonvulsant, psychoanaleptic, CNS and antiangiogenic agents. The pyrazole moiety is also present in many agrochemical significant compounds, such as pesticides and insecticides such as cyenopyrafen, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad and fenpyroximate .…”

Pot-economic synthesis of diarylpyrazoles and pyrimidines involving Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of 3-trifloxychromone and triarylbismuth

“…Pyrazoles and pyrimidines are significant scaffolds present in several biologically active molecules as well as in drug molecules. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] These are known to exhibit a vast range of biological activities such as anti-tumour, 3,4 anti-inflammatory, 5 anti-depressant 6 and so on. In particular, diaryl pyrazoles and pyrimidines are present as core moieties in a number of drugs and agrochemicals.…”

“…Figure 1 shows example of few drugs with arylated pyrazole or pyrimidines as core scaffold which are being prescribed to treat various physiological disorders. For example, Celecoxib (Figure 1a), 7 is an example of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is known to be COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors. 1 Rosuvastatin (Figure 1b) is a drug for cardiovascular disorders.…”