Development of plant-based diets and the evaluation of dietary attractants for juvenile Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus L.

Abstract

Sustainable and profitable commercial aquaculture production of marine fish species is dependent on the development of sustainable protein sources as substitutes for expensive animal meals such as fishmeal (FM). Previous Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus studies have indicated that poultry by-product meal (PBM) and meat and bone meal can be used to produce a FM-free diet if suitable levels of nutrients (such as taurine) are included in the diets. In this study, we attempted to develop an all-plant protein diet by removing the animal proteins in practical diets for pompano by substituting back select ingredients. A series of eight FM-free diets were formulated, four systematically replaced soybean meal (SBM) with soy protein concentrate (SPC) and four replaced PBM with SPC. Based on the results, there is no clear disadvantage to the use of SPC as a replacement for SBM. However, the complete removal of PBM resulted in reduced performance. Two additional growth trials were conducted to supplement additional amino acids including glycine, valine and histidine, a proprietary chemical attractant mix, fish protein concentrate and squid hydrolysate to improve the growth of pompano when fed all-plant protein diets. The only improvement in performance occurred with the squid hydrolysate. These results demonstrate that using soybean meal, soy protein concentrate and corn gluten meal as the primary protein sources, a plant-based feed formulation can be developed, but the removal of all animal proteins is not yet feasible. K E Y W O R D Sattractant, growth performance, plant-based diet, Trachinotus carolinus L.

Comparative effect of advanced soy products or corn protein concentrate with porcine meal on growth, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus

“…The development of practical diets for juvenile Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus , has been evaluated by using several plant protein sources, such as soybean meal (SBM), corn gluten meal, and cottonseed meal products, and led to an optimized crude protein and lipid level of 40–44% and 7–12%, respectively (Cook, Zhou, Rhodes, & Davis, ; Lazo, Davis, & Arnold, ; Lech & Reigh, ; Novriadi, Spangler, Rhodes, Hanson, & Davis, ; Rhodes, Zhou, Salze, Hanson, & Davis, ; Riche, ; Williams, Lovell, & Hawke, ). Proper combinations of these plant protein sources supplemented with limiting amino acids (AAs) also reduce the inclusion of animal meal up to 15%, without negatively affecting the growth parameters of pompano (Quintero, Davis, & Rhodes, ).…”

Effects of soybean meal replacement with fermented soybean meal on growth, serum biochemistry and morphological condition of liver and distal intestine of Florida pompanoTrachinotus carolinus

“…However, reduced performance of pompano has been observed when less than 15% of animal proteins, for example FM, poultry by‐product meal or meat and bone meal, included in the diets (Rossi & Davis, ). Nonetheless, other studies have suggested that the decreased performance in low animal meal feeds can be partially remediated through the use of amino acid supplements and to a limited degree of attractants (Gaber, ; Lian, Lee, & Park, ; Novriadi, Spangler, Rhodes, Hanson, & Davis, 2017; Rhodes, Zhou, Salze, Hanson, & Davis, ). The complete elimination of animal meal could, in part, be related to the nutritional characteristics of plant‐based ingredients such as SBM which is used at increased levels in low animal protein diets.…”

Improving high soy feed formulations for the Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus through newer soy products and carbohydrase supplementation

“…It is also possible that soy-based diets become deficient in certain amino acids as animal protein is removed. Rhodes, Zhou, Salze, Hanson, and Davis (2017) found a significant negative linear relationship for growth and survival in Florida pompano as soy protein concentrate gradually replaced poultry by-product meal. However, essential amino acids were individually supplemented as the poultry by-product meal was removed; this did not prevent the linear decrease in growth rates, and a deficiency in known essential amino acids is therefore unlikely.…”

“…In their fourth growth trial, Rhodes et al (2017) showed that a soy-based diet supplemented with 5% squid hydrolysate (and otherwise devoid of animal products) outperformed a similar diet formulated with 5% top-coated proprietary amino acid mixture or 5% poultry by-product meal. In their fourth growth trial, Rhodes et al (2017) showed that a soy-based diet supplemented with 5% squid hydrolysate (and otherwise devoid of animal products) outperformed a similar diet formulated with 5% top-coated proprietary amino acid mixture or 5% poultry by-product meal.…”

“…Finally, there is the possibility of an undetermined limiting nutrient. In their fourth growth trial, Rhodes et al (2017) showed that a soy-based diet supplemented with 5% squid hydrolysate (and otherwise devoid of animal products) outperformed a similar diet formulated with 5% top-coated proprietary amino acid mixture or 5% poultry by-product meal. Furthermore, fish fed the squid hydrolysate diet were also observed to be feeding more aggressively according to the authors.…”