Development of PCR conditions in a silicon microreactor DNA-amplification device

Recent developments in the monitoring, modeling and control of biological production systems

“…Designs that utilize electronics for detection in combination with miniaturization are being developed in several labs that are investigating cultivation problems [8,9]. Interesting demonstrations of how the microsystems can be extended to encompass the entire fluidic path from pretreatment to final detection of complex biological samples have been shown [10,11]. This would be of great value not only during clinical analysis but also when analyzing crude samples from bioreactors thereby providing shorter delays as well as high-throughput options.…”

Rapid microfluidic thermal cycler for polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid amplification

“…The miniaturized DNA reaction chambers have advantages in integration, process speed, efficiency, and decrease in the consumption of expensive reaction materials. The first miniaturized PCR appeared in 1993 [5] with simple micromachined chemical reactors with integrated heaters for PCR in Lawrence Livermore National Lab [3]. Swerdlow et al [6] studied PCR in thin fluidic capillary tubes and used air forced convection for thermal management.…”

“…They obtained 36°C/s and 22°C/s for heating and cooling rates. Hofmann et al [3] developed a miniaturized silicon based PCR chip and utilized a miniaturized resistor-based platinum heater fabricated on a Pyrex substrate. In a recent study, the PCR system was made of silicon micro-machined into the shape of a cantilever terminated with a disc [31].…”

“…In these machines, every cycle usually takes 4 min and it takes around 2 h to perform the full PCR process. These machines accommodate a number of parallel reactions with typical volumes of 10-100 lL [3]. Excessive reaction volume, high power consumption and low efficiency are some of the barriers in the application of PCR [4].…”

Rapid amplification for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a non-contact heating method in a silicon microreactor based thermal cycler

“…Miniaturisation of thermocycling devices presents the opportunity of using a variety of heating methods. Reports have been made in the literature of various heating methods such as conventional peltier elements, infrared sources [11,[13][14][15], platinum resistors [16][17][18][19], laser diodes [20] and microwave sources [21].…”