Development of paper-based analytical kit for point-of-care testing

Abstract

Paper-based analytical devices have been widely used for biomedical, environmental and food-quality testing. This review focuses on paper-based tests for biomarkers and bacterial detection with a brief introduction about various fabrication techniques and designs, biological and nonbiological probes and detection methods. Paper is relatively cheap and available in abundance. Moreover, properties of paper such as it being disposable, easy to use and store, and that it is easy to transport and modify draw significant attention to it as a platform for the development of paper-based analytical devices. These traits make paper-based analytical devices a strong candidate in point-of-care devices for rapid and economical testing near the site of patients.

Paper-based analytical devices for clinical diagnosis: recent advances in the fabrication techniques and sensing mechanisms

“…Further, current paper-based microfluidic devices have limited multiplex detection capabilities. To correctly diagnose a disease, more than one biomarker is often necessary, so it is imperative to improve the multiple detection features of paper-based devices [132]. …”

Electrochemical lateral flow immunosensor for detection and quantification of dengue NS1 protein

“…Cellulose and its derivatives-based papers constitute of porous matrix structures thus enabling them to filter for separation (Martinez et al 2010;Shah et al 2013). Research efforts are on-going to develop low-cost fabrication technology for paper-based microfluidic and lateral fluidic devices with improved specificity and sensitivity of biological tests for multiplex analytes (Abe et al 2008;Carrilho et al 2009a;Carrilho et al 2009b;Kong and Hu 2012;Martinez et al 2007;Tian et al 2011;Yetisen et al 2013).…”

A mini-review on functional nucleic acids-based heavy metal ion detection

“…Generally, the LFA devices consisted of four overlapping pads sticking to a backing. The four pads were as follows (from bottom to top): sample pad of which the main function is to transport the sample to other components of the LFA, with some additional capabilities such as separation of sample components, removal of interferences, adjustment of pH, etc., conjugation pad on which the biorecognition molecules are dispensed, nitrocellulose membrane over which the test and control lines (zones) are drawn, and absorption pad which works as sink at the end of the strip and helps in maintaining flow rate of the liquid over the membrane and stops back flow of the sample (Sajid et al, 2015;Shah et al, 2013).…”