Development of Overweight in Children in Relation to Parental Weight and Socioeconomic Status

Semmler, Claudia; Ashcroft, Jo; Jaarsveld, Cornelia H M van; Carnell, Susan; Wardle, Jane

doi:10.1038/oby.2008.621

Cited by 92 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Additionally, child measures of height and weight were measured objectively by trained researchers, eliminating the chance of parents under or overestimating their child's measurements. A limitation of our study, and numerous similar studies, 5,8,18 is the use of self-reported parent height and weight measurements. However, it has been suggested that for this age range there is only a modest discrepancy between self-reported and actual weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preventing and treating childhood obesity: time to target fathers

et al. 2011

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Objective: To examine the long-term effects of having one overweight or obese parent on child weight status and determine whether these effects vary according to parent sex. Design: Prospective study: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Subjects: Two-parent families (N ¼ 3285) from the LSAC were included if height and weight data were available for both parents and their child at the 2004 and 2008 time points. Measurements: Child weight status category (healthy, overweight, obese) in 2008 when the child was aged 8 -9 years. Regression modelling was used to investigate how self-reported parent weight status in 2004 influenced measured child weight status 4 years later. Results: Parent body mass index (BMI) was significantly correlated with child BMI, but there was no evidence of sex-specific associations between parent and child BMI correlations. The results from the regression analysis showed that having an overweight or obese father, but a healthy weight mother, significantly increased the odds of child obesity (odds ratio: 4.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 -17.33 and odds ratio: 14.88, 95% CI: 2.61 -84.77, respectively), but the reverse scenario (overweight or obese mother with a healthy weight father) was not a significant predictor of child overweight or obesity (odds ratio: 2.52, 95% CI: 0.38 -16.71 and odds ratio: 2.56, 95% CI: 0.31 -21.26, respectively). Conclusions: Children with overweight or obese fathers are at a higher risk of becoming obese. This suggests that interventions are urgently required to test the efficacy of treating overweight fathers as a key strategy for childhood obesity prevention and/or treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preventing and treating childhood obesity: time to target fathers

et al. 2011

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“…These data reflect a genesocial environment interaction and suggest that adolescents exposed to an unfavourable environment will develop more severe obesity if they present an unfavourable genetic background. Childhood obesity has been unambiguously linked to lower educational levels and low parental social class, 53,54 and the influence of social factors can seem very early in life. 55 Unhealthy habitsFsuch as high-fat diets, low levels of physical activity and exposure to chronic stressFare seen more frequently in families with a low SES.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of maternal educational level on the association between the rs3809508 neuromedin B gene polymorphism and the risk of obesity in the HELENA study

et al. 2009

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Objective: Neuromedin B (NMB) is a bombesin-like peptide, which inhibits food intake and modulates stress-related behaviour. An NMB gene polymorphism (P73T) has been earlier associated with obesity and abnormal eating behaviour in adults. Methods: The association between four NMB polymorphisms and obesity-related phenotypes was investigated in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence cross-sectional study (n ¼ 1144, 12-17-year-old European adolescents). This population was genotyped for the NMB rs1107179, rs17598561, rs3809508 and rs1051168 (P73T) polymorphisms. Obesity was defined according to Cole et al. (BMJ 2000; 320: 1240-1243 criteria; eating behaviour was assessed by the Eating Behaviour and Weight Problems Inventory for Children (EWI-C) and the food choices and preferences questionnaires. Familial socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed through the parents' educational level. Results: Only the genotype distribution of rs3809508 differed according to obesity status, as the TT genotype was more frequent in obese than in non-obese adolescents (8.6% vs 3.1%, P ¼ 0.05; adjusted odds ratio for obesity (95% confidence interval): 2.85 (1.11-7.31), P ¼ 0.03). Moreover, TT subjects had higher body mass index (22.8 ± 4.4 kg m -2 vs 21.3 ± 3.7 kg m -2 , P ¼ 0.02), waist circumference (75.8±9.7 cm vs 72.2±9.3 cm, P ¼ 0.006), waist-to-hip ratio (0.84±0.14 vs 0.79±0.07, Po0.0001) and waist-to-height ratio (0.47 ± 0.06 vs 0.44 ± 0.55, P ¼ 0.002) than C allele carriers. The effects of this single nucleotide polymorphism on all anthropometric values were influenced by the maternal SES, in that a low maternal educational level aggravated the phenotype of adolescents carrying the TT genotype (interactions: Po0.02). No association with EWI-C scores was found, although sweet craving was a more frequent cause of between-meal food intake in TT subjects than in C allele carriers (24.3% vs 9.2%, P ¼ 0.01). Conclusion: In European adolescents, the TT genotype of the NMB rs3809508 polymorphism was associated with a higher risk of obesity. Moreover, the effects of this polymorphism on anthropometric values were influenced by the maternal educational level.

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“…Hui et al (14) and Scaglioni (15) , for example, found that children of overweight parents had a higher risk for overweight. Next to parental overweight, socio-economic status (SES) has been identified several times as a risk factor for childhood overweight (15)(16)(17)(18)(19) . Income, paternal/maternal employment and paternal/ maternal educational level are often used as indicators of SES.…”

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confidence: 99%

Risk factors for childhood overweight: a 30-month longitudinal study of 3- to 6-year-old children

Coen

Bourdeaudhuij

Verbestel

et al. 2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The increasing prevalence of childhood overweight is an important health issue. There is a need for longitudinal research among children in order to identify risk factors for childhood overweight. The objective of the present research was to identify potential sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors for development of childhood overweight among 3-to 6-year-old children. Design: Longitudinal study. Setting: Sixteen pre-primary and primary schools. Subjects: BMI Z-scores at baseline and two follow-up measurements were calculated for 568 children. Sociodemographic, parental adiposity, familial composition, child's diet, physical activity and sedentary behavioural data were collected through questionnaires. Results: Several risk factors for the development of childhood overweight were found. Being an only child, lower maternal educational level, maternal and paternal overweight, more than 1 h screen time on weekdays and high soft drinks consumption were shown to be positively associated with the development of childhood overweight. Conclusions: Although behavioural factors are important, our findings support the thesis that interventions on the prevention of childhood overweight should focus on high-risk groups, i.e. children from low socio-economic background or with high parental BMI. Interventions should address the whole family and take into account their lifestyle and structure.

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Development of Overweight in Children in Relation to Parental Weight and Socioeconomic Status

Cited by 92 publications

References 28 publications

Preventing and treating childhood obesity: time to target fathers

Preventing and treating childhood obesity: time to target fathers

Influence of maternal educational level on the association between the rs3809508 neuromedin B gene polymorphism and the risk of obesity in the HELENA study

Risk factors for childhood overweight: a 30-month longitudinal study of 3- to 6-year-old children

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