Development of orthogonal two‐dimensional hydrophilic interaction chromatography systems with the introduction of novel stationary phases

Abstract

Two different offline 2-D hydrophilic interaction chromatography (2D-HILIC/HILIC) systems have been developed. In the two systems, a click maltose column was used in the first dimension, an amide column or a click beta-CD column was used in the second dimension, respectively. Both of the systems were used for the analysis of very polar components in Carthamus tinctorius Linn., which is a traditional Chinese medicine. Excellent orthogonality and separation results were obtained in both 2D-HILIC/HILIC systems, while the peak capacity of the system based on click maltose and amide column was higher for its adoption of stationary phase with smaller particle size in the second dimension.

Tandem LC columns for the simultaneous retention of polar and nonpolar molecules in comprehensive metabolomics analysis

“…Another approach used in both small‐molecule analysis and proteomics is to use comprehensive 2D LC where the eluent from one column is collected in a sample loop and then injected onto a second column exhibiting orthogonal properties . While some of these reports are alternatively named “coupled column chromatography,” they all require a specialized or complex equipment setup such as dual pumping systems and complicated valve setups, which are either not commonly found in most laboratories or are beyond the capabilities of less experienced users.…”

Chemical characterization of flavonoids and alkaloids in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) by comprehensive two-dimensional hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with hybrid linear ion trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry

“…Two offline HILIC-HILIC methods were carried out as previously reported to analyze polar components ( Liu et al, 2009 ) and flavonoid O-glycosides ( Yao et al, 2017 ) in the safflower, respectively. However, offline techniques are more time-consuming and may result in sample loss.…”

Application of two-dimensional chromatography in the analysis of Chinese herbal medicines

“…Nearly 500 peaks can be detected using the proposed 2D-RP/RPLC system to analyze Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae, whereas only 40 peaks were found by the uni-dimensional LC. In a similar study, two different off-line 2D-LC systems based on HILIC/HILIC separation were established to analyze the polar compounds in Carthamus tinctorius using a click maltose column as the first dimension, a click ␤-cyclodextrin column or an amide column as the second [47]. Approximately 879 and 554 peaks could be separated by the maltose-amide system and the maltose-␤-cyclodextrin system.…”