Development of Novel Cosmetic Formulations using Foams

Abstract

In this review, the use of air bubbles in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations was discussed. The foam bubbles show different characteristics depending on the foaming agents and foam generating devices. The foam bubbles are generated in the form of dispersion of gas bubbles in a solvent. The assessment of stability and rheological properties of bubbles are the starting point for the formulation to be used. Pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of bubbles are substantially growing, and the foam formulations of drugs can be used for rectal, vaginal, and dermal symptoms. The foam formulation is used in hair mousse, makeup foundation, and sunscreen cosmetics in basic cosmetics. Recently, a lot of studies and patents have been filed in stabilization of active ingredients and delivery of the active ingredient in terms of foam formulations. In the future, foam formulations are expected to be used as novel cosmeceutical formulations.

Forces and physical properties of the Langmuir monolayers of TiO2 particles at air/water interfaces after collisions by a particle in water

“…The strength of the adhesive force is considered to be controlled by (1) the interactions between the probe and the water surface and (2) the deformability of the interface. A deformable interface with particles smaller than the probe can deform and wrap around the probe to give a large probemonolayer contact surface area, whereas a non-deformable (stiff) interface or one with particles larger than the probe cannot deform and wrap around the probe, thus resulting in only a small contact area.…”

“…The stiffness of the monolayer is therefore thought to be affected by (1) the lateral adhesions between the particles in the monolayer at the water surface and (2) the relative size difference between the particles in the monolayer and the probe.…”