Development of Nanoemulsion Formulations of Ginger Extract

Abstract

The aim of the study was to enhance the stability of 6-gingerol, a major constituent in ginger extract, using nanoemulsion formulations. The effects of extraction techniques and solvents on the content of 6-gingerol in ginger powders were investigated. Assessments of three commonly used extraction techniques (maceration, sonication and soxhlet extraction) with two different extraction solvents (methanol and acetone) were used in this study. The highest of 6-gingerol content was obtained by using soxhlet extraction with acetone. Nanoemulsions were prepared from a mixture of oil phase (coconut oil and squalene), Cremophor® ELP, acetone and ginger extract by spontaneous emulsification method. Effect of coconut oil and squalene mass ratio on nanoemulsion formations were evaluated for the further optimization of the system, which characterized by droplet size, polydispersity index (PI), zeta potential and Oswald ripening. Stability studies at 4°C and ambient temperature for 3 months were performed. The formulation containing the mass of coconut oil to squalene ratio of 0.8:0.2 was stable and had the required droplet size (122.2+2.2 nm) in relation with PI of 0.18+0.07, zeta potential of -20.8+0.4 mV and Ostwald ripening of 0.11 nm.day-1. Negative-staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to image the emulsion droplets. Stability test under heating-cooling cycle also performed on optimized nanoemulsion. Then, the sample was analysed for 6-gingerol content. The percentage of the remaining 6-gingerol of optimized nanoemulsion was 90.89. Hence, it was concluded that the stability of 6-gingerol could be enhanced by using nanoemulsion formulation.

Recent Research Trends in Fabrication and Applications of Plant Essential Oil Based Nanoemulsions

“…This produced stable nanoemulsion with antimicrobial property [82]. A nanoemulsion was also prepared using ginger extract and optimized through various process parameters for enhanced stability of 6-gingerol [83]. Spice (Drimys angustifolia and Drimys brasiliensis) essential oil based nanoemulsions were prepared to demonstrate their potent cytotoxic effects.…”

Gingerol and Shogaol Nanoemulsion of Ginger Extract-based Subcritical Water Extraction

“…The measurement particle size, zeta potential, and Polydispersion Index of nanoemulsion were determined using a particle size analyzer with triplicate replication [28].…”

6-Shogaol Rich Ginger Oleoresin Loaded Mixed Micelles Enhances in Vitro Cytotoxicity on McF-7 Cells and in Vivo Anticancer Activity Against Dal Cells

“…Besides the high dose of 6-SRGO is required to reach the therapeutic efficacy, which may lead to the several side effects such as diarrhea, nausea and many times the tolerance of the 6-SRGO. There are few attempts have been made to develop nanoformulations using a conventional extract of ginger but detail investigation, characterization and anticancer potential are not reported [15][16][17][18][19]. To overcome these problems present research aims at incorporating 6-SRGO within polymers to develop a drug delivery system displaying enhanced drug solubility, while reducing systemic toxicity of 6-SRGO.…”