Structure, hyperfine interactions, and magnetic behavior of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe 80 M 7 B 12 Cu 1 ( M=Mo , Nb, Ti) alloysThe relationship between the crystallization process and the soft magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe 84 Nb 3.5 Zr 3.5 B 8 Cu 1 alloy has been studied by comparison with that of Fe 73.5 Si 13.5 B 9 Nb 3 Cu 1 alloy. When the annealing temperature T a is slightly above the crystallization temperature, high permeability can only be obtained for Fe-Nb-Zr-B-Cu after annealing for very short times. The T a dependence of the coercive force of Fe-Nb-Zr-B-Cu cannot be explained by the change of the grain size of the bcc phase. The soft magnetic properties of Fe-Nb-Zr-B-Cu is dominated by not only the grain size but also the Curie temperature of the intergranular amorphous phase. It is concluded that the magnetic softness of Fe-Nb-Zr-B-Cu is related directly to the degree of the reduction in the apparent anisotropy, while that of Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu is strongly affected by the Si content of the bcc phase.