Development of motor coordination and cerebellar structure in male and female rat neonates exposed to hypergravity

Nguon, K.; Ladd, Byron; Baxter, Mark G.; Sajdel-Sulkowska, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.095

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Exposure to hypergravity during the perinatal period, including the midgestational and early postnatal period, resulted in increased righting time; the effect was exacerbated at a higher gravity level (1.75 G) and was more pronounced in male pups (Ladd et al 2006;Nguon et al 2006a). Similarly, exposure to hypergravity delayed startle response more dramatically at 1.75 versus1.5 G, and the delay was longer in males (Nguon et al 2006a).…”

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Similarly, exposure to hypergravity delayed startle response more dramatically at 1.75 versus1.5 G, and the delay was longer in males (Nguon et al 2006a). Hypergravity exposure also impaired motor functions as evidenced by reduced latency of falling from the rotarod (Sajdel-Sulkowska et al 2005;Nguon et al 2006a, b).…”

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Hypergravity exposure also impaired motor functions as evidenced by reduced latency of falling from the rotarod (Sajdel-Sulkowska et al 2005;Nguon et al 2006a, b). The effect was further exacerbated by an increase in gravity with latency of falling at 1.75 G, being one tenth of that of the stationary control pups (Nguon et al 2006a). The effect of hypergravity on motor behavior was also strongly dependent on the specific developmental stage at which the exposure occurred (Nguon et al 2006b), and was most dramatic following postnatal exposure, with males being most dramatically affected by exposure during the second week of gestation (Nguon et al 2006b) that corresponds to the time of Purkinje cell birth.…”

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prolonged exposure to hypergravity from G8 to P21 resulted in delayed righting reflexes (Ladd et al 2006) and in impaired rotarod performance (Sajdel-Sulkowska et al 2005;Nguon et al 2006a, b).…”

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebellum and Gravity: Altered Earth’s Gravity Perception Under Pathological Conditions and Response to Altered Gravity in Space

Sajdel-Sulkowska

2013

Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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Life on Earth has developed under the influence of gravity and remains adapted to unit gravity. As different organisms evolved to survive optimally in water, ground, and air habitats, special adaptive mechanisms developed to deal with gravity. In humans and most land mammals, maintaining postural equilibrium requires constant integration of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems to compensate for gravity. The gravity sensors located in the inner ear make connections to the eyes, vestibulocerebellum, and postural muscles. The vestibulocerebellum, due to direct connections with the vestibular gravity receptors, is the primary gravity response center. It is involved in spatial orientation and regulation of gait and, together with the spinocerebellum and pontocerebellum, plays an important role in motor control. Several cerebellar pathologies, including ataxias and dystonia in humans and animals, are characterized by altered gravity perception and affect posture, gait, and small motor coordination and timing. In space, where the gravitational sense of up and down diminishes, the vestibulocerebellar system must adapt and establish a new way to interpret the altered gravitational environment. This chapter explores cerebellar disorders in the context of altered interactions with Earth's gravity in humans and animal models and the reaction of astronauts to altered gravity in space (microgravity). This chapter also considers the effects of microgravity and

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Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cerebellum and Gravity: Altered Earth’s Gravity Perception Under Pathological Conditions and Response to Altered Gravity in Space

Sajdel-Sulkowska

2013

Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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“…While a number of chemicals (Nguon et al, 2005a) have been shown to affect the developing CNS structure and function, our own previous studies suggested that the developing CNS may also be vulnerable to altered gravity (Sajdel-Sulkowska et al, 2001;Nguon et al, 2004;Sulkowski et al, 2004;Nguon et al, 2005b). Impairment in motor coordination observed in rat neonates developing under hypergravity was accompanied by changes in cerebellar structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Exposure to altered gravity during specific developmental periods differentially affects growth, development, the cerebellum and motor functions in male and female rats

Nguon

Ladd

Sajdel-Sulkowska

2006

Advances in Space Research

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We previously reported that perinatal exposure to hypergravity affects cerebellar structure and motor coordination in rat neonates. In the present study, we explored the hypothesis that neonatal cerebellar structure and motor coordination may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of hypergravity during specific developmental stages. To test this hypothesis, we compared neurodevelopment, motor behavior and cerebellar structure in rat neonates exposed to 1.65 G on a 24-ft centrifuge during discrete periods of time: the 2 nd week of pregnancy [gestational day (G) 8 through G15; group A], the 3 rd week of pregnancy (G15 through birth on G22/G23; group B), the 1 st week of nursing [birth through postnatal day (P) 6; group C], the 2 nd and 3 rd weeks of nursing (P6 through P21; group D), the combined 2 nd and 3 rd weeks of pregnancy and nursing (G8 through P21; group E) and stationary control (SC) neonates (group F). Prenatal exposure to hypergravity resulted in intrauterine growth retardation as reflected by a decrease in the number of pups in a litter and lower average mass at birth. Exposure to hypergravity immediately after birth impaired the righting response on P3, while the startle response in both males and females was most affected by exposure during the 2 nd and 3 rd weeks after birth. Hypergravity exposure also impaired motor functions, as evidenced by poorer performance on a rotarod; while both males and females exposed to hypergravity during the 2 nd and 3 rd weeks after birth performed poorly on P21, male neonates were most dramatically affected by exposure to hypergravity during the second week of gestation, when the duration of their recorded stay on the rotarod was one half that of SC males. Cerebellar mass was most reduced by later postnatal exposure. Thus, for the developing rat cerebellum, the postnatal period that overlaps the brain growth spurt is the most vulnerable to hypergravity. However, male motor behavior is also affected by midpregnancy exposure to hypergravity, suggesting discrete and sexually dimorphic windows of vulnerability of the developing central nervous system to environmental perturbations.

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Ground-Based Researches on the Effects of Altered Gravity on Mice Development

Jamon

Serradj

2008

Microgravity Sci. Technol.

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This chapter reviews some consequences of the exposure to an altered gravity environment on the development of small mammals. A point is made on the possible existence of several critical periods, and their interactions, in relation with the multiple points of application of the gravity influence on developing organisms, and the need to coordinate the researches on the various structures concerned. The European effort to integrate a multidisciplinary exploration, from the genes expression to the behavioural output, in a topical team is presented, and a new French centrifuge facility for mice is described. A second part reports the preliminary results of a study on the motor performance of ageing (9 months) mice exposed to Hypergravity (2 g), in the new French centrifuge, between the 10th to 31 postnatal day, a key period for motor development in mice. This study shows for the first time that a transient exposure to an hypergravity environment during the period of motor development in the mouse produced an irreversible modification of the motor function.

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Development of motor coordination and cerebellar structure in male and female rat neonates exposed to hypergravity

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Cerebellum and Gravity: Altered Earth’s Gravity Perception Under Pathological Conditions and Response to Altered Gravity in Space

Cerebellum and Gravity: Altered Earth’s Gravity Perception Under Pathological Conditions and Response to Altered Gravity in Space

Exposure to altered gravity during specific developmental periods differentially affects growth, development, the cerebellum and motor functions in male and female rats

Ground-Based Researches on the Effects of Altered Gravity on Mice Development

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