Ground-Based Researches on the Effects of Altered Gravity on Mice Development

Jamon, Marc; Serradj, Najet

doi:10.1007/s12217-008-9098-0

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…, 2004). Similarly, the mice centrifuged at 2 g from P10 to P30 showed a weight decrease at the age of 9 months (Jamon & Serradj, 2009), whereas the POST mice centrifuged during the same period did not show any weight difference in the present study. This variability suggests that some unknown factors modify the physiological regulation in response to centrifugation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 41%

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Exposure to hypergravity during specific developmental periods differentially affects metabolism and vestibular reactions in adult C57BL /6j mice

Bojados¹,

Jamon²

2011

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The development of the posturo-motor control of movement is conditioned by Earth's gravity. Missing or altered gravity during the critical periods of development delays development and induces durable changes in the vestibular, cerebellar, or muscular structures, but these are not consistently mirrored at a functional level. The differences in the time schedule of vestibular and motor development could contribute to this inconstancy. To investigate the influence of gravity on the development of vestibular and locomotor functions, we analysed the performance of adult mice subjected to hypergravity during the time covering either the vestibular or locomotor development. The mice were centrifuged at 2 g from embryonic day (E) 0 to postnatal day (P) 10 (PRE), from P10 to P30 (POST), from E0 to P30 (FULL), and from E7 to P21. Their muscular force, anxiety level, vestibular reactions, and aerobic capacity during treadmill training were then evaluated at the age of 2 and 6 months. The performance of young adults varied in relation to the period of exposure to hypergravity. The mice that acquired locomotion in hypergravity (POST and FULL) showed a lower forelimb force and delayed vestibular reactions. The mice centrifuged from conception to P10 (PRE) showed a higher aerobic capacity during treadmill training. The differences in muscular force and vestibular reactions regressed with age, but the metabolic changes persisted. These results confirmed that early exposure to hypergravity induces qualitative changes depending on the period of exposure. They validated, at a functional level, the existence of several critical periods for adaptation to gravity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 41%

“…2). The centrifuge was designed for low noise and was equipped with antivibration devices (Jamon & Serradj, 2009). The rotational speed was set to 29.6 r.p.m.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to hypergravity during specific developmental periods differentially affects metabolism and vestibular reactions in adult C57BL /6j mice

Bojados¹,

Jamon²

2011

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…It is supported by the permanent inability to swim and to perform surface righting in rats that matured in space [61], [62], and by the permanent motor deficits in mice centrifuged between P10–P30 [25], [26]. In rodents, deprivation experiments claim for an early need for vestibular inputs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of Mouse Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Following Genetic or Environmental Alteration of Gravity Sensing

et al. 2012

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The vestibular organs consist of complementary sensors: the semicircular canals detect rotations while the otoliths detect linear accelerations, including the constant pull of gravity. Several fundamental questions remain on how the vestibular system would develop and/or adapt to prolonged changes in gravity such as during long-term space journey. How do vestibular reflexes develop if the appropriate assembly of otoliths and semi-circular canals is perturbed? The aim of present work was to evaluate the role of gravity sensing during ontogeny of the vestibular system. In otoconia-deficient mice (ied), gravity cannot be sensed and therefore maculo-ocular reflexes (MOR) were absent. While canals-related reflexes were present, the ied deficit also led to the abnormal spatial tuning of the horizontal angular canal-related VOR. To identify putative otolith-related critical periods, normal C57Bl/6J mice were subjected to 2G hypergravity by chronic centrifugation during different periods of development or adulthood (Adult-HG) and compared to non-centrifuged (control) C57Bl/6J mice. Mice exposed to hypergravity during development had completely normal vestibulo-ocular reflexes 6 months after end of centrifugation. Adult-HG mice all displayed major abnormalities in maculo-ocular reflexe one month after return to normal gravity. During the next 5 months, adaptation to normal gravity occurred in half of the individuals. In summary, genetic suppression of gravity sensing indicated that otolith-related signals might be necessary to ensure proper functioning of canal-related vestibular reflexes. On the other hand, exposure to hypergravity during development was not sufficient to modify durably motor behaviour. Hence, 2G centrifugation during development revealed no otolith-specific critical period.

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“…The cages were placed in a large radius centrifuge [20] with a rotational speed (29.6 RPM) producing a gravity level of 2G The protocol of centrifugation was the same as in Bojados and Jamon [21]. Briefly, the centrifuge was operating without interruption and mice were left undisturbed during the three weeks of chronic centrifugation.…”

Section: Protocol Of Centrifugationmentioning

confidence: 99%