Raman spectroscopy is an integral tool for the identification, qualitative characterization, and quantitative analysis of drugs at the drug substance and/or drug product level. Significant advances in Raman spectrometer hardware, software control and data processing techniques have lead to unique applications of the Raman spectroscopic technique within the pharmaceutical industry. This Chapter presents applications of Raman spectroscopy as applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical drug substances as well as drug products. At the drug substance level, applications include the chemical and physical characterization of the API, microanalysis, contaminant analysis, and surface characterization. An extensive discussion is also presented on quantitative pharmaceutical analysis by Raman spectroscopy at the drug substance and drug product level including univariate versus multivariate analysis and method validation.