Development of M-shell x-ray spectroscopy and spectropolarimetry of z-pinch tungsten plasmas

Abstract

The development of spectroscopic modeling of M-shell tungsten z-pinch plasma is presented. The spectral region from 3.5 to 6.5 Å includes three distinct groups of transitions, and the best candidates for M-shell diagnostics are identified. Theoretical modeling is benchmarked with LLNL electron beam ion trap data produced at different energies of the electron beam and recorded by crystal spectrometers and a broadband microcalorimeter. A new high temperature plasma diagnostic tool, x-ray spectropolarimetry, is proposed to study polarization of W line emission and is illustrated using the results of x-pinch polarization-sensitive experiments. The x-ray line polarization of the prominent M-shell tungsten lines is calculated, and polarization markers are identified. The advantage of using x-pinch W wire experiments for the development of M-shell diagnostics is shown.

Radiation properties and implosion dynamics of planar and cylindrical wire arrays, asymmetric and symmetric, uniform and combined X-pinches on the UNR 1-MA zebra generator

“…X-ray power is measured from the energy and the time measured at full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the derivative signal. [9], [11], [13], [20]- [22], [34] 2) Hard X-Ray Polarimetry: The Zebra facility employs various X-ray diagnostics for the exploration of a wide range of plasma characteristics. Early we applied spectropolarimetry [11] to study a very important component of Z-pinch plasmas: energetic electron beams.…”

Soft-X-ray spectra of highly charged Os, Bi, Th, and U ions in an electron beam ion trap

“…These encompass controlled fusion experiments based on tokamak discharges, X or Z pinches, high-power laser irradiation of a solid, or intense ion beams striking a nuclear fusion fuel pellet [1,2,3,4,5]. The presence of specific highly charged ions (and thus of electrons abundant and energetic enough to ionize atoms that far) is revealed by the emission of characteristic atomic lines, for example, in the extreme ultraviolet spectrum.…”

Relativistic many-body calculations of multipole (E1, M1, E2, M2, E3, and M3) transition wavelengths and rates between 3l−14l′ excited and ground states in nickel-like ions

“…Retarded E1, E2, and E3 matrix elements are evaluated in both length and velocity forms. A detailed discussion of the various contributions to the dipole matrix elements and energy levels is given for nickellike tungsten (Z = 74), which plays an important role in tokamaks [21,22], electron beam ion traps [17,35,36], x-ray lasers [37], and z-pinches [16].…”

“…X-ray spectra of Ni-like W including 3-4, 5, and 6 transitions recorded by a broadband microcalorimeter, were analyzed in Ref. [16,17]. A detailed analysis of 3-4 and 3-5 transitions in the x-ray spectrum by laser produced plasmas of Ni-like highly-charged ions was presented by Doron et al [18] (Ba 28+ ), by Zigler et al [19] (La 29+ and Pr 31+ ), by Doron et al [20] (Ce 30+ ).…”