Development of &lt;I&gt;Leishmania&lt;/I&gt; (&lt;I&gt;Viannia&lt;/I&gt;) &lt;I&gt;braziliensis&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Leishmania&lt;/I&gt; (&lt;I&gt;Leishmania&lt;/I&gt;) &lt;I&gt;amazonensis&lt;/I&gt; in the sand fly &lt;I&gt;Lutzomyia migonei&lt;/I&gt; (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Nieves, Elsa; Pimenta, Paulo Filemon Paolucci

doi:10.1603/0022-2585-37.1.134

Cited by 45 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Sand flies have been classified as permissive or specific vectors on account of their capability to support the development of either a wide or limited spectrum of Leishmania spp., respectively [ 27 , 28 , 31 ]. Since it has been reported that L. migonei supports the development of other species of Leishmania , namely L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis [ 32 ], we propose that this sand fly species is a permissive vector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Lutzomyia migonei is a permissive vector competent for Leishmania infantum

et al. 2016

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BackgroundLeishmania infantum is the most widespread etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the world, with significant mortality rates in human cases. In Latin America, this parasite is primarily transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis, but the role of Lutzomyia migonei as a potential vector for this protozoan has been discussed. Laboratory and field investigations have contributed to this hypothesis; however, proof of the vector competence of L. migonei has not yet been provided. In this study, we evaluate for the first time the susceptibility of L. migonei to L. infantum.MethodsFemales of laboratory-reared L. migonei were fed through a chick-skin membrane on rabbit blood containing L. infantum promastigotes, dissected at 1, 5 and 8 days post-infection (PI) and checked microscopically for the presence, intensity and localisation of Leishmania infections. In addition, morphometric analysis of L. infantum promastigotes was performed.ResultsHigh infection rates of both L. infantum strains tested were observed in L. migonei, with colonisation of the stomodeal valve already on day 5 PI. At the late-stage infection, most L. migonei females had their cardia and stomodeal valve colonised by high numbers of parasites, and no significant differences were found compared to the development in L. longipalpis. Metacyclic forms were found in all parasite-vector combinations since day 5 PI.ConclusionsWe propose that Lutzomyia migonei belongs to sand fly species permissive to various Leishmania spp. Here we demonstrate that L. migonei is highly susceptible to the development of L. infantum. This, together with its known anthropophily, abundance in VL foci and natural infection by L. infantum, constitute important evidence that L. migonei is another vector of this parasite in Latin America.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Lutzomyia migonei is a permissive vector competent for Leishmania infantum

et al. 2016

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“…Although metacyclogenesis has been well studied in L. major [ 5 – 7 , 19 ] and New World Leishmania [ 10 , 20 , 21 ], this process has been poorly investigated in clinical field isolates of L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis [ 21 ]. The simultaneous use of techniques exploring different characteristics of metacyclic forms can allow us to better evaluate the process of metacyclogenesis of clinical field isolates of these species as well as to determine suitable experimental conditions to isolate the metacyclic promastigotes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In VitroMetacyclogenesis ofLeishmania (Viannia) braziliensisandLeishmania (Leishmania) amazonensisClinical Field Isolates, as Evaluated by Morphology, Complement Resistance, and Infectivity to Human Macrophages

Silva

Morato

Quixabeira

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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This study was designed to assess in vitro metacyclogenesis of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis clinical field isolates obtained from patient lesions (L. braziliensis IMG3 and PPS6m; L. amazonensis MAB6). Metacyclogenesis was evaluated by different criteria, namely, promastigote size (morphometric analysis and flow cytometry), surface modifications (loss of lectin or monoclonal antibody (mAb) binding, complement resistance), and infectivity to human macrophages. Growth curves were similar for all parasites evaluated. The various features analyzed were expressed in a high percentage of promastigotes at 6th and 10th days of culture and a low percentage at the 2nd day. However, in most isolates, these features, considered as markers of metacyclogenesis, seemed to develop with different time courses, since the percentages of metacyclic forms detected with each technique were usually different. Parasites from 6th or 10th day and those negatively selected with lectin or mAb similarly infected human macrophages. From all isolates analyzed, L. amazonensis PH8 and MAB6 showed the highest and the lowest levels of susceptibility, respectively, to leishmanicidal activity of IFN-γ/LPS-activated macrophages. Our results showed that by using different techniques to evaluate different aspects of metacyclogenesis (morphological and biochemical modifications) different percentages of metacyclic promastigotes can be detected in each isolate culture.

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“…The frequency of potentially infective females was determined from the ratio of the number of females presenting infective forms (metacyclic promastigote) to the total number of females infected with any promastigote morphotypes in the foregut (head), stomodeal valve, and/or anterior thoracic midgut [15]. Metacyclic promastigotes were distinguished by morphology (elongated body with flagellar length ≥3-times body length), location (foregut and anterior midgut), and motility [19,25,26]. Parasite loads were graded according to Myskova et al [27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection and transmission of Leishmania by Lutzomyia cruzi (Diptera: Psychodidae): Aspects of the ecology of parasite-vector interactions

et al. 2017

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Several parameters should be addressed before incriminating a vector for Leishmania transmission. Those may include its ability to become infected by the same Leishmania species found in humans, the degree of attractiveness for reservoirs and humans and capacity to sustain parasite infection under laboratory conditions. This study evaluated the vectorial capacity of Lutzomyia cruzi for Leishmania infantum and gathered information on its ability to harbor L. amazonensis. Laboratory-reared Lu. cruzi were infected experimentally by feeding them on dogs infected naturally with L. infantum and hamsters infected with L. amazonensis. Sand fly attractiveness to dogs and humans was determined using wild caught insects. The expected daily survival of infected Lu. cruzi, the duration of the gonotrophic cycle, and the extrinsic incubation period were also investigated for both parasites. Vector competence was investigated for both Leishmania species. The mean proportion of female sand flies that fed on hosts was 0.40. For L. infantum and L. amazonensis, Lu. cruzi had experimental infection rates of 10.55% and 41.56%, respectively. The extrinsic incubation period was 3 days for both Leishmania species, regardless of the host. Survival expectancy of females infected with L. infantum and L. amazonensis after completing the gonotrophic cycle was 1.32 and 0.43, respectively. There was no association between L. infantum infection and sand fly longevity, but L. amazonensis–infected flies had significantly greater survival probabilities. Furthermore, egg-laying was significantly detrimental to survival. Lu. cruzi was found to be highly attracted to both dogs and humans. After a bloodmeal on experimentally infected hosts, both parasites were able to survive and develop late-stage infections in Lu. cruzi. However, transmission was demonstrated only for L. amazonensis–infected sand flies. In conclusion, Lu. cruzi fulfilled several of the requirements of vectorial capacity for L. infantum transmission. Moreover, it was also permissive to L. amazonensis.

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Development of <I>Leishmania</I> (<I>Viannia</I>) <I>braziliensis</I> and <I>Leishmania</I> (<I>Leishmania</I>) <I>amazonensis</I> in the sand fly <I>Lutzomyia migonei</I> (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Cited by 45 publications

References 21 publications

Lutzomyia migonei is a permissive vector competent for Leishmania infantum

Lutzomyia migonei is a permissive vector competent for Leishmania infantum

In VitroMetacyclogenesis ofLeishmania (Viannia) braziliensisandLeishmania (Leishmania) amazonensisClinical Field Isolates, as Evaluated by Morphology, Complement Resistance, and Infectivity to Human Macrophages

Experimental infection and transmission of Leishmania by Lutzomyia cruzi (Diptera: Psychodidae): Aspects of the ecology of parasite-vector interactions

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